Enlightenment/Romanticism Essay

The age of man is rife with varying motivations and personal reasoning. Over millions of years, life shifted from mere survival, with our minds drawn to food and shelter, into times of political intrigue and welfare reform. Buried in the layers, the Age of Enlightenment and the (difficult to define) Age of Romanticism are found. Within these two periods are some of our history’s most profound shifts in thinking. The Age of Enlightenment brought scientific reasoning to the forefront of everything. Life was distinct, understandable and predictable. Man contemplated his purpose empirically, studied methodically to come to a true conclusion. According to Anne Branham, the enlightenment allowed our founding fathers to question man’s natural rights in the world of the living. She uses Benjamin Franklin as the incomplete figure of true enlightenment. The one man who had his hands into all things scientific and technological fought actively for the â€Å"earthly rather than heavenly rewards† (55). Our most important living document, the American Constitution, finds its epicenter in the freedom to choose our own representation after careful contemplation and consensus-driven selection (59). Paintings reflected life as a physical entity. Portraits of people became the chosen artwork of the day, a marking of life in that moment. American History portraits painted by John Trumbull show the events in a concise manner, the emotions of the people stern and musing. Other artists, to include Anton Van Maron and Antonio Visentini, of this period (late Enlightenment) follow this same theme of capture rather than sensitize (GroveArt Online). Writers such as Locke, Paine, and Smith questioned preconceived beliefs, broke them down in their parts, studied them empirically, then transformed them into new ideals and theories; changing the way things were done for centuries. Their articulations of thought changed the way business and politics were conducted, a system we still hold to today. Burnham suggested when we take a good look at these writers (Locke in particular) we can see the seed of transformation that inspired Thomas Jefferson (58). The line between the Enlightenment and Romanticism appears quite blurred. It is not as though humankind stopped short all of a sudden and agreed to change their thinking. What is evident, however, is that change took place. Today, we are no longer as ideal in questioning what is right for man. This period began as a revolt of sorts against the aristocracy and their accepted norms. People began to concern themselves with emotions and the feelings of things. Psychologists such as Freud and Jung came into play. Not only what is wrong with you, but also why, and how does it feel to have that problem? Peckham questions the validity of an actual movement in that the need and subsequent fight for revolution does not in fact mean an actual change in thought amongst the world’s people. Was there in fact a change in mind away from the scientific and toward the ideal and the emotional (6). In terms of government, America found itself growing out of control. States began to fight over the issue of slavery and valuing one man’s right to property over another man’s right to dignity and the ‘pursuit of happiness’ as it were. Civil War breaks out, the basis set against the colder ideas of the Enlightenment. These ideas one can conceivably see as justifying slavery if numbers add up. Authorship offered a new selection during this era, the novel. Mary Shelley writes about the timeless battle of man versus nature with her creation of â€Å"Frankenstein.† Man’s emotional struggles in life marked the center of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven, Jane Austen’s Emma, and Henry David Thoreau’s Walden. Peckham, writing in the time of Picasso, states: â€Å"Picasso has in his painting expressed profoundly the results of the freedom that romanticism has given to the creative imagination, but he is detested by most people who have seen his cubist or post-cubist painting – as well as by a great many who has not. He is at home in the universe, but not in his society† (21). This simple statement takes us back to a time when the questioning of fundamental things, like shapes and colors, was not appreciated. One forgets Picasso died in 1973 – only 33 years ago. Although these two distinct ages followed each other in general timeframe, there are some obvious similarities. In some ways, the transcendentalists, modernists and post-modernists, have all maintained the basic trend in life, which is to ask questions and present the answers in a way that society will gain from them as well. The questioning being the most serious of crimes against the calm nature of a society, with the actual answer following a close second. The difference lies in the questions asked, the answer given and the format preferred. For each successive generation, the questions drive a little deeper, the context of the situations a little more complicated. The answers are increasing more personal, much to the chagrin today of the older citizens. Art today is far racier and stressing in it nature. Artists have the freedom to push the observer to his or her max. Life seems to be struggling toward a certain height where all questions are ok, all answers accepted. Works Cited Branham, Anne K. â€Å"Teaching the Enlightenment in American Literature: Shedding Light on Faith and Reason.† The English Journal 87.3 (1998): 54-59. GroveArt Online. (18 Oct 2006). Peckham, Morse. â€Å"Toward a Theory of Romanticism.† PMLA 66.1 (1951): 5-23.

Man as a social being Essay

Man is a social being and can never live a mundane routine always. Man undergoes different swings and moods in his daily life. Hence,the saying â€Å"All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy† holds very true. Unlike a computer or any mechanical tool,man gets worn out or gets tired easily.He cannot perform any repeated activity continuously without a break. Let me take an example of a particular student who was a typical bookworm .He was very hardworking and he did studies and nothing else the whole day.Ironically,his marks never used to show the efforts he used to take.The reason for this paradox was that he always kept poring into books. He never used to take even a small interval of rest.This forced his mind to start daydreaming and remain in reveries. This would naturally affect his academic and over all performance in school activities. There is another reason to support this statement. On taking a break from a usual activities,say ,studies would give a pinch to the person. He/she would feel somewhat guilty for wasting his/her time into other activities.This would instigate the person to study harder and go in a faster rate with full concentration in his studies.Thus, even a half an hour break would save hours of time which would just be wasted in reveries . Taking a small interval of break would give a change to the mind .The person would feel refreshed to go back to work in a better mood. A person weared out or in a bad swing would feel joyous and happy if he/she takes a break by doing something interesting or even by taking rest for a while. One could take a break by involving in any sport activity or spend some time with a hobby. Going for sports could be a good time-pass.This will improve one’s health and naturally enrich one’s mind because a sound mind always dwells in a sound body.It would also improve a person’s talent in sports or other co-corricular activities like drawing,music etc.A person could improve himself in an over-all way,not only in work but also in play. Hence ,I strongly believe in this thought provoking phrase for it is not  always just work but also play that would make Jack a boy of brilliance.

House on Mango Street Questions Essay

1. The apparent randomness shows the diversity of Mango Street. The random topics emulate the random cast of characters that live on the street and the different lives they lead. 2. The fact that Esperanza has problems with eating in public shows that she is very insecure and self-conscious of her body. She doesn’t want others to see her eat. This may be because she believes she is too skinny or too fat. 3. In many ways, it is a feminist text. Since the main character is female and much of the story is seen through her point of view, she addressed many female issues. These include the constant abuse many females faced from the men in charge of their lives. However, many of these issues are universal. Both sons and daughters have been victims to parental abuse and everyone dreams of escaping to paradise. 4. When Esperanza mentions her own war, she is referring to her inner struggle between becoming a grown woman who will patiently wait for a man or becoming a woman who is in ch arge of herself. 5. Boys are held to a higher standard than women are. They are bred to become proud, authoritative figures in society while the females are nurtured into becoming submissive partners. Since boys are considered superior, it is considered a weakness when they befriend and play with girls. These beliefs will cause the boys to grow up as dominative, controlling husbands that rule over their own lives and their wives’ lives. The women will end up being common submissive partners. The future relationship is one similar to one between masters and slaves. 6. Esperanza looks up to many women in the book. She looks up to Marin because she exudes knowledge of the world and shows off the sexuality that Esperanza is just discovering. She also looks up to Alicia because she isn’t only wishing to escape, but is actually working towards it by going to university. Esperanza looks up to Lois because she represents the freedom that Esperanza desperately craves. Esperanza wants to stay out until late and feel the love that she sees Lois experiencing. Finally, Esperanza looks up to Sally because Sally is there to comfort her and because she envies Sally’s beauty. She feels connected to Sally because they both dream of escaping. 7. The House on Mango Street is a book about culture because the problem that Esperanza faced is caused by the clash in culture. She longs for freedom because she is trapped in a slum due to her race. Cathy referred to this racism when she said that she was moving because people like Esperanza were moving in. Cisnero also uses various Spanish words throughout the book. 8. Esperanza has contrasting feelings towards her Hispanic heritage. On one hand, she feels that it confined by it because Spanish culture trains their women to be submissive. On the other hand, she feels that her name can only sound beautiful through a Spanish tongue. Esperanza feels that the Spanish heritage can show off her inner beauty. She also feels disconnected from the English culture that she has been thrust into. She is looked down upon and is tossed aside by the outside society. She longs to change that when she gets older. She wants to get out of Mango street but plans to come back to help those who could n ot get out. 9. Esperanza’s love of speech is shown when she describes her name. She says that her name is like a muddy colored number nine. All the characters live on Mango street and have their own troubles, but many of them share similar issues. Sally is beaten by her dad while Minerva is beaten by her husband. Earl keeps his wife behind locked doors just like Rafaela’s husband keeps her in the house at all times. 10. In â€Å"Beautiful and Cruel,† Esperanza thinks she’s seen as the ugly daughter. However, she sees herself as a strong woman who won’t allow any man to control her. Esperanza believes she has inner power that nobody else can see other than her. 11. Rafaela dreams of escaping the house she is confined to, and is able to escape for a moment on Tuesday when she gets various fruits from the nearby market. Minerva tried to escape her abusive husband by kicking him out, but she always lets him back in. Sally wishes to escape the abusive home she lives in but is unable to do so. Cathy’s family wanted to escape the many Chicanos moving into the neighborhood, and they achieved that to an extent when they moved farther down the street. Esperanza wants to leave too. She will have to work just as hard as everyone else, or even harder, to escape but she will. It’s hard to escape when one is poor. The less money they have the lesser opportunities become available. Poverty lessens the chances of escaping, but increases the drive to want to do so. 12. Esperanza dreams of a white house with trees, a big backyard, real stairs, three bathrooms, and a basement. Her actual house is small and red with a small backyard, tiny windows, a swollen door, one bathroom, and only one bedroom. Esperanza dreams big and craves success. She has a lot of ambition to leave but has just as much ambition to come back. She wants to give back to the community as well as escape it.

Machiavelli The Prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Machiavelli The Prince - Essay Example oted to Lorenzo de Medici), so that he might get back his administration posts and start the realization of his political plans.  The writing is worth-considering, therefore the given paper will discuss the relevance  of the Machiavelli’s advice in the modern world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Prince is considered to be unique. It represents a large recommendation the author provides the Prince with. The Prince is given a valuable advice on how to receive new lands in his possession and how to implement the necessary control in these new lands (Machiavelli, 1997). It is clear that this advice can’t be considered as relevant in the modern world, because now we do not solve our problems with the help of wars. Now we have legislation as the main orientation in political decision making. However, for the time, when The Prince was created, it represented a valuable advice: Because how one ought to live is so far removed from how one lives that he who lets go of what is done for that which one ought to do sooner learns ruin than his own preservation: because a man who might want to make a show of goodness in all things necessarily comes to ruin among so many who are not good. Because of this it is necessary for a prince, wanting to maintain himself, to learn how to be able to be not good and to use this and not use it according to necessity. (Machiavelli, 1997) It is clear, that this advice should by no means be used by modern politicians because it can destroy democratic principles, which have been created during many centuries, however the recommendation is practical for the Machiavelli’s time (Machiavelli, 1997). Notwithstanding that the advice of Machiavelli concerning acquiring new lands can’t be used today, his writing The Prince contains many other valuable and relevant advices, which should be remembered by the contemporary rulers: Some people want to rule, others want to be ruled. It is important to remember that some people are ready to work and other are

PESTEL analysis of the automotive industry in United Kingdom Essay

PESTEL analysis of the automotive industry in United Kingdom - Essay Example It elaborates the macroeconomic factors that are used to scan the environment before taking any strategic decision in an organisation (Mercer, 2008). PESTEL stands for: P- Political; E- Economic; S- Social; T- Technological; E-Environmental; L- Legal. The few constituents of PESTEL of the automotive industry are as follows: The firms should be aware of the political factors like the trading policies, governmental changes in rules and regulations of the production of cars which includes safety standards and fuel emissions. Economic factors influencing business includes taxation policies, economies and trends, trade cycles and exchange rate and interest rate changes (Thompson, 2001). Cars are the polluting agents which pollute the environment to such an extent that it can be dangerous to the society and large emission of harmful gases can even lead to diseases. Cars manufactures are introducing Alternative Energy Vehicles that use only electricity and has rechargeable battery (Booz, 20 08). The challenges that are faced by the automotive industry are that it is very expensive and this will be the solution for lowering pollutants. Environmental pollutants have been the basic challenge for this industry which is threatening the automotive industry worldwide and thus they should pay attention to the alternative energy vehicle (Ferrel, 2012). The firm should always comply with all rules and regulations that are levied on car manufacturing , such as safety and standard issues, gas emission laws, vehicles regulations, etc (Mercer, 2008). 2. Trend forecast for 2016 Fords Motor Company, an automobile giant has it’s headquarter in United States. It has expanded its market in many countries like Japan, India etc. Ford has been suffering from many hurdles which are affecting the business. The challenges are coming from the macroeconomic environment and it has threatened their existence. PESTEL analysis has been done to identify the factors that are affecting the exist ence of the automotive company (Craik, 2013). The following are the challenges that are faced by Ford and their future planning till 2016 so that they can overcome the challenges: 1) The rising price of oil has made customers less automotive friendly (Ferrel, 2012). Ford has been doing technological adjustment which is helping them build a modern standard in the present outline. By 2016 it will reach its destination by creating such technologies which can even give the solution for using expensive oils. In many countries, the financer of the organisation has been playing a crucial role in the development and the progress of the organisation (Ferrel, 2012). 2) Accelerating growth in the developing countries is very difficult and thus attaining customers is near to impossible. But Ford has targeted a potential market to penetrate with its motors and thus give them a changed phase by the year 2016. 3) The sale of Ford was also affected by the types of motors that are being used by the people. But when the income of the mass is elevated to that position that they can pay attention to own a luxury car the sale of Ford has increased (Burrow, 2011). For the future development Ford concentrate on developing low priced cars so that it can be afforded by the mass (Sturgeon and Biesebroeck, 2010). 4) Consumer preferences changes from time to time (Miller, 2012). Their taste and likings are not stagnant for all time. They try to experience new brands and that affects the sales of the

Associated with digital technology and structural hierarchies of power Research Paper

Associated with digital technology and structural hierarchies of power and privilege, diversity and homogeneity - Research Paper Example Police officers have therefore also turned to digital technologies to obtain information and evidence against criminals. As a result, contemporary media has led to enhancement of security details especially in the criminal investigations departments all over the world. The study provides a critical scrutiny of the role of contemporary digital media in criminal investigations. Research carried out by various scholars has proven that digital technology is the major source of evidence whenever detectives are carrying out investigations. The paper further discusses how digital media is associated with digital technology and structural hierarchies of power, diversity, digital evidence, its privileges, demerits and misconceptions. In addition, it gives an in-depth discussion of the various issues that affect digital media as a source of criminal evidence. Consequently, the study concludes that contemporary digital media is authoritative in combating various criminal activities through enhancement of criminal investigation services and expertise. Digital evidence refers to any information or data considered to be of value in a criminal investigation. The evidence is stored on, transmitted and received through electronic devices. Retrieval of information takes place when the gadgets remains seized, examined and analyzed. Digital evidence acquired from digital media is easily damaged or altered. It is latent and time sensitive (Nelson, Phillips & Steuart, 2015). The information also quickly crosses jurisdictional borders. The evidence thus requires skilled personnel to decode the information. Digital media serves as the source of the digital evidence. The term digital is used because information is stored electronically in the device and has to be broken down into digits during decoding. The digits are in form of binary units of ones and zero. Special programs and software are able to decode the

Consumer decision making process on muller rice Essay

Consumer decision making process on muller rice - Essay Example The source of the competitive advantage is in the name of the company and the ability to price its products in a competitive manner. The main challenge that it faces is the increased competition from the other producers. Its opportunity is in the increased awareness in people about the food that they take. The marketing objectives of the company are to penetrate the market and attain the most market share possible. The company also aims at cementing its position in the global arena. The growth strategies that the company can use include the introduction of new products such as new flavours. The company may also expand its cream division since this will be able to utilize the excesses in the capacity (Pride and Ferrell, 2008). The understanding of the customer decision making is important for the company since this is the approach that the company will use to come up with new products. The targeting can be made in such a way that it focuses on the individual needs of the different classes of people (Pride and Ferrell,

Views on Stealing Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Views on Stealing Africa - Essay Example e is owned by Glencore International Plc, a public company listed in London and Hongkong, registered in Jersey and head quartered in Switzerland (Stealing Africa). The company has consistently evaded corporate tax in Zambia by claiming losses in business. This has been through artificial inflation of operational costs and even under valuing the mined copper. The copper is sold to Switzerland at below market price. Therefore, the company has managed to pay minimal taxes while reaping huge benefits. Despite Zambia having a third of the world’s copper supply, she is still among the poorest countries in the world. Between 60-70% of Zambians live on less than $1 a day and the unemployment rate is staggering 80%. The money from copper bypasses the needy Zambians and only helps Switzerland, home of the company. The situation obtaining here can only be described as catastrophic and dire. The organizations that are mentioned here are the ‘World Bank’ (WB) and the ‘International Monetary Fund’ (IMF). It was as because of the recommendations of the structural adjustment programme that the Zambian government embarked on privatization lending to sale of the mine to Glencore (Stealing Africa). What they did was simply a disservice to Zambian. Privatization opened the door for flow of cash out from Zambia. This being a private company its bottom line is profit and making money. Politics and business are intertwined hence frequent interactions. The government is responsible for the economic policies that will guide how trade and business is conducted. Business cannot thrive in a vacuum where there is no regulation or order (Stealing Africa). In the Zambian situation, the policy of privatization did not at all help the citizens. There is still abject poverty since unemployment rate is unbelievable. Why all this? It is because the fund for empowering the citizens is whisked away to the mother country. Even the tax paid is not low one since the product has been

The Communication Effect on a Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Communication Effect on a Family - Essay Example The essay "The Communication Effect on a Family" analyzes the research on how communication affects a family. The miscommunication is attributed to poor communication or lack of a common language between two people, ideally, this is triggered by the different viewpoints of speaking held by specific people. Basically, its major area of concern is the larger sense of community and indeed the whole human system in general. According to interaction view, each and every behavior is considered to be a way of communication thus it is totally impossible to evade communication. Communication can be perceived to be avoided but the use of non-verbal communication is one way of passing information. Silence is usually attributed to some issues which are considered to be completely beyond our reach or control thus rendering the idea of no communication to be totally impossible. For instance, I am a Chinese student studying in America but it would be impossible not to communicate to my family back in China. Basically, every form of communication is made up of specific content with regard to the relationship between the two parties involved. Generally, all communications contain specific meaning as per the words used and to the person, the information is intended to be delivered to. On the other hand, the information is based on how the sender or the speaker intends for his or her information to be perceived by the receiver. For instance, I always prefer to communicate with my family using Skype. not because I can not reach them through an ordinary phone but it’s due to the general perception of how the content of information I intend to deliver to them is perceived, ideally the relationship we have is the core factor of why the best method of communication is preferred between me and my parents therefore the viability of how and what the communicator said lies in the ability of one to interpret both the verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication. Metacommunication is generally regarded to be the core relational aspect of any interaction between two or more people. Punctuation also plays a critical role in determining the nature of relationship between the sender and the recipient of a certain massage. Both the sender and recipient of information behave in a different manner during the entire process of communication however these forms of behaviors are attributed to their partner’s reactions, ideally there is the feeling from both sides of partners with each side believing that the other partner is the main reason behind the strange behavior. There is need of punctuating the whole communication thus terming one part of it as the cause while the other part is referred to as the main response. There are several instances that occur in line with other subsequent events, basically this implies that when one event happens then most definitely it would trigger the other adjacent event to follow suit. This case applies to me when I do not tal k or communicate to my family back in china through the Skype then most definitely I will be depressed or have quilt feelings of breaking down communication to people who are so dear to

Dunlap v. Tennessee Valley Authority Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dunlap v. Tennessee Valley Authority - Coursework Example This theory requires the plaintiff to prove that the employer is biased against a specific group. A prima facie case is established when: (1) the defendant identifies a specific employment practice to be challenged; and (2) through relevant statistical analysis proves that the challenged practice has an adverse impact on a protected group. Walsh, D. J. (2010, pg 210). Here Dunlap couldn’t present any evidence which connected his interview and the practices used during that interview with that of the other candidates that were part of the interview process. Thus there was no statistical proof to compare and contrast the rest of the interviews with his own in front of the court and show how TVA misused its authority and purposely rejected him. This lack of evidence meant that the court should not accept Dunlap’s appeal for disparate impact thus the claim failed. In the disparate treatment the plaintiff has to prove how the employer is biased against a selected group of in dividuals based on their cast, color, origin or religion. A clear case is established when: (1) The plaintiff must establish a prima facie case of racial discrimination; (2) the employer must articulate some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its actions; and (3) the plaintiff must prove that the stated reason was in fact pretextual. (Walsh, D. J., 2010, pg 210). This law is clearly provided in the case and transcribed. The disparate treatment claim was however successful as Dunlap was able to provide a strong case of racial discrimination. The Tennessee Valley Authority needed to provide a valid reason to reject the plaintiff which it did by providing the selection matrix used during Dunlap’s interview. Here Dunlap was able to rebut the selection matrix and showed how the selection committee decided to distribute the marks for the final score. The committee agreed that seventy percent marks be kept for the interview while the other thirty percent be given for the educa tion, training and experience. This distribution did not correspond with the company’s policies which clearly stated that the burden of the final score be based on technical experience, education and training. Thus the selection committee violated the policies without informing any of the candidates and changed the calculation of the final score from an objective measurement (favors education and training) towards a subjective measurement (favors communication skills). Dunlap’s claim was a success as he successfully proved the pretextual nature of TVA’s stated reason. He showed how they manipulated the selection matrix to reduce his score in comparison to the other applicants so that he does not make the top ten. Dunlap narrated examples which showed how the selection committee had a biased approach. He stated that his attendance record was excellent with only a few leaves, quite similar to that of a couple of white applicants but the marks he and the other appl icants received varied significantly. Similarly on another occasion he had a better safety record than most, still he received lesser marks as compared to the white applicants. In addition to this the court was able to find a connection in the â€Å"score balancing† process and how the number of â€Å"outstanding† candidates exactly equaled the job vacancies. The scores were changed after the interviews thus

Crisis Intervention Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Crisis Intervention - Term Paper Example Researchers indicated that this brought more problems than it was intended. For instance, most became homeless, some were victimized in relation to crime among others. One possible way that has been deemed to help solve the problem is through crisis intervention centers. The proposed study seeks to examine the use of crisis intervention as a deterrent to admission in the state hospital system in order to deliver services in a more cost effective manner to a larger number of people. A quantitative research method is adopted. Data will be collected through questionnaires. The selected sample will be from a population suffering from mental disorders and it will be divided into two groups. Informed consent will be sort after before participants take art I the study. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software. ANOVA with repeated measures will be used in place of standard ANOVA because all individuals in the sample have been measured in two different conditions. One of the most important things done by medical professionals is to help patients get back their initial health status or maintaining a status that is stable. However, there are cases where patients are readmitted to healthcare facilities. Research has shown that this is a very costly venture that continues to not only to the government budget but also individual savings ad income. Mental health is a public health issue and the largest single source of burden of disease in the United Staes of America. To support this fact, research has shown that one in seventeen Americans, which translates to 6.0% of the population suffer from mental illness. Similarly, in any given year, one out of four Americans are diagnosed with a mental illness disorder. This translates to approximately 58 million people. In America, chronically mentally ill individuals not able to function independently have traditionally been cared for in state run psychiatric institutions (Talbott, 2004). This method of

Sexual assaults Essay Example for Free

Sexual assaults Essay From a Freudian point of view the rape and sexual assaults discussed in this example, stemmed from the impulses from his id which were demanding sexual gratification. Freud may have contended that Tysons id had won control of the available psychic energy coursing through his body, which neither the ego nor the superego could stop or negotiate. This sexual energy and desire from the id arguably overpowered Tysons mind and his focus was to obtain sexual satisfaction. From this perspective other illustrations of Tysons id taking control of his psychic energy are evident when considering his behaviour during his youth. Hoffer, (1998) has noted that he habitually stole from people who had something he wanted, and assaulted others who tried to stop him. In these instances the demands Tysons id forced him to take whatever he wanted, even if it was to the detriment of others. However, it is ironic to note that these impulses from his id which forced him into engaging in this type of behaviour to satisfy its demands were the very same impulses that gained him respect, fame and fortune inside the boxing ring. Arguably, his ids desire to retain the title and maintain the status and respect he now had, facilitated him to achieving a high position in life. Paradoxically this argument lends a little more credence to Horneys theory of inner safety. Arguably, Tyson was indeed being driven by demands from his id in a Freudian sense, but these demands were bound now by the rules and regulations set out by the boxing authorities and this framework provided him with a sense of safety. Boxing protocol ensured that Tysons safety was not under threat and this enabled him to perform his aggression in a controlled, supervised and acceptable manner. As stated earlier Tyson was a victim of bullying. However it was also noted that he reached the stage where he himself became the bully. Younger weaker children were the first targets Tyson chose to assault, but he quickly progressed to older children when he found he could beat them easily. His fighting ability, which was swift and vicious, resulted in him gaining respect throughout the neighbourhood and becoming an accepted member of the gangs. It could be argued from both of the points of view in this discussion that Tyson was using defence mechanisms in order to abate his anxiety. From a Freudian perspective the bullies who taunted Tyson made him feel inferior causing him biological anxiety. The bullying that he suffered resulted in his ego feeling threatened and losing its balance of power, and in order to regain this balance, his defensive reaction was to eliminate the source of the threat. This example of Tyson targeting younger weaker children is a good illustration of Freuds defence mechanism of displacement. Corey, (2001 p72) notes that one way for a person to cope with anxiety is discharge impulses from a threatening object to a safer target. However, Horneys description of the defence mechanism Tyson used here would be slightly different. From this point of view it would be described as compulsive aggression. Accordingly, people who display this type of aggression are making an effort to hide any sign of weakness or fear by moving against people. The compulsive needs of this type of individual according to Horneys theory, is such that they have a need to dominate and control others. ( Fadiman Frager, 1994 p141) It could be argued here that every time Tyson beat a child who taunted him he regained his feeling of safety. Subsequently, each time Tyson felt the need to regain this feeling he repeated the actions. A further reinforcement Tyson may have found from these actions was the added bonus of gaining respect from his peers and becoming an accepted member of his immediate surroundings. Arguably this exact pattern of events brought him success, fame and fortune inside the boxing ring. This huge money earning period of Tysons life enabled him to enjoy a lavish lifestyle. It was noted by (Hoffer, 1998) that Tyson had a passion for collecting expensive possessions. He owned Siberian tigers, cars, fur coats and mansions. From a Freudian point of view Tyson could be said to be fixated in his Anal stage of psychosexual development. This stage of development according to Freuds theory happens between the ages of one and three. An important aspect of this stage is the toilet training of a child. A child learns during this time to control his sphincter and bladder and could find that he is chastised for mistakes or praised for conforming to his parents wishes. The child may pass a bowel movement and feel immensely proud of it he may then seek praise from his parent but feel dejection when he did not receive it. This situation may render the child with feelings of deflation and rejection. Fixation in this stage according to (Corey, 2001) can then occur. Corey, goes on to note that this can manifest in later life as a need to collect possessions for which one can feel proud so that the earlier feelings of deflation and rejection do not reoccur. Arguably though, this aspect of Freuds theory would be difficult to support with empirical evidence. Most people would be unable to recall with any degree of accuracy the toilet training methods employed by their parents. Horneys theory of cultural and environmental factors surrounding a persons childhood having a critical effect on their behaviour in adulthood would be easier to provide evidence for.

China beer market competetor analysis

China beer market competetor analysis CHINA BEER MARKET COMPETETOR ANALYSIS Quick Over view: Aire Breweries plc. Is UK based beer marketing company that been selling premium beers. The company is enjoying fairly good market share. The beer market has become saturated due to intensive competition and in-line pricing strategies. The Aire Breweries plc. as a part of logical extension decided to enter Chinese market, where beer market is largest in the world next to USA. The Strategic Triangle- 3Cs: The strategic triangle proposed by Kenichi Ohmae states that any company success in long run pivots around 3factors: Corporation, Customers Competition. In construction of Business strategy above factors must be examined thoroughly to arrive at marketing plan. The Corporation: Aira Brewries is beer selling company selling beer brands like Hostenbech- European style lager beer, San Bernanardo Cameolet- British style dark bitter beer, Ark royal British style dark bitter beer, pot of gold- Irish style dark stout beer with premium price. The brands are promoted through super markets, fashionable markets, Up market city centre bars. The copany has high cost structure and has efficiency as its strength. The Customer: The proposed target market China is undoubtedly a large consumer market in the world and beer in particular. The vast spread of consumers with varied languages make MNCs experience the difficulty of convincing Chinese consumers. The competitors: In china due to liberalisation policy many MNCs are trying to make a mark in China market. The competition in china Beer markets is very intensive. China market expects to come up with cost effective products where local sellers have an edge over MNCs. San Miguel is one of top three selling brands in china and largest selling brand in china. Sabmiller is the world second largest selling has 47 breweries and operating in 13 provinces of China. Bud Light beer has bottom line structure. Various players include CBR Brewing company inc. china Food beverage company, China resource enterprise ltd., Fomento Economico Mexicano SA de CV, Scottish new castle, Fujian Yanjing Huiquan Brewing group Kirin Brewery Company Ltd., etc. Quick glance at China Economy: China has recorded 11.9% GDP growth rate accounts for $ US 3565 billion (USD 1 = RMB7) is a clear indication that Chinese have got fair standards of living and spending power of consumer has been remarkable Economic Indicators 2007 2006 GDP (RMB trillion) 24.7 21.1 Per capita GDP (RMB) 2,200 16.084 Per capita disposable income of urban households 13,786 11,759 Per capita Net income for rural households 4,140 3,587 Table: 1 Source: National Bureau of Statistics Market Opportunities threats in China: Due to vast population China will offers great opportunities for potential marketers, provided the market is analyzed and a feasible program is developed. The barriers usually for any MNCs are inadequate market data, inappropriate entry strategy. Poor access to supply chain, vast spread of geographical market, cultural differences etc. It is advocated to distinguish the gap between the developed and less developed markets. Uniform marketing strategy is not suitable in view of large market. The beer market is not similar every where; it is more of localized driven by local tastes and preferences. It could be defined as pool of regional markets. Domestic players will play dominant role and take maximum market share. But their presence is limited to maximum of 2% of national market. Majority of market share i.e. 45% is controlled by 4 players. Beer Market Scenario in China: The high spending level of consumers in China has lead to growth of Beer market in manifolds and ignited by Foreign Direct investment. China has now became largest national beer market in the world crossing USA. There were 4 companies in china and has grown to 60 by 2007. McKinsey Global institute has thrown light on newly emerging segment in the recent past- Urban Middle class who has been earning RMB 100000 ($12000) a year became a hot button to every beer marketer. Table 2 Year Million Liters Annual Growth (%) 2007 32035,83 10.04 2008 33459.42 4.44 2009 34 904.69 4.32 2010 36,371.42 4.20 2011 37.860.59 4.09 Source: http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbaa0012m.pdf Growth of China Population Trends: It is a known fact that china is most populated country with 1321 millions as per 31 December 2007 comprise of 51% male 49 percent female. The population size makes china a land of opportunities driven by advanced technology usage while producing. Understanding Chinese Market Risk Element: Small Medium enterprise like Aire breweries may need to mobilize recourses to tap the potential of Chinese beer market. In this regard they have to analyse their strengths weaknesses. Most of MNCs fail because of the poor distribution system and failure to identify a piggy back partner. More over the law in china has been very stringent. Unless the marketer study the cultural aspects thoroughly it may lead to chaotic situation. Cultural aspects of China Market: Chinese consumers are very patriotic and do practice their culture meticulously. Due to strong socialistic approach they support local products. Foreign players may suffer from non-acceptance of their offering due to invisible influences of culture which cannot be demonstrated. Law at China: The china legal system is very complicated and frustrating to MNCs. The familiarity to china culture will facilitate the understanding of law. It is always better to have a local partner to promote the business and as a part of political risk (i.e. confiscation of assets or blockage of funds) handling mechanism Geographical Segmentation: It is wise to adapt Regio-centric approach or Multi Domestic approach to reach vast china market. Here subsidiary in each province of china has to devise their plan to suit the need Preferences of that region. This approach demand to have varied marketing mix with coordinated efforts of other territories. Demographic Profile of Consumers: China population (1341 millions male female ratio 51:49) has been multi-religious ranging from Buddhism, Taoism, Catholics, Protestantism, and Islam, interestingly deal business according to their religions and Socio-cultural values. Since ages Chinese companies have been transferring ancestral values to present generation which establish relationships refer to term â€Å"guan xi†. Relations drive the businesses to offer extent of product mix. Distribution of Population income wise: Table 3 Population (million) Gross National Income (Billion) Low Income 2512 10.20 Middle Income 2667 49.22 High Income 955 49.22 Source: US census Bureau, World Bank group, McKinsey analysis Marketing Mix: Product: China has been largest beer market but with different tastes across the nation. 500 ml and 750 ml are most preferred quantities served in bottles cans. The per capita consumption 18 ltrs has not been impressive when compared with USA (84 ltrs) UK (74 ltrs) per capita consumption. Aire Breweries need to develop localized tastes along with their premium brands. The test marketing will help company to know the preferences. Price: The beer in china market is sold at pretty cheap. 750 ml beer costs 25 cents. Locally made MNC brands Carlsberg and Pabst blue are also sold at fairly cheaper rates. Aire breweries plc., has to adapt bottom line pricing or inline pricing to get acces in the market Promotion: As many languages are used across china, mandarin is widely used language, it is a difficult task to develop a theme while advertising. Few MNCs failed to translate the essence of ad copy lead to waste. It may be advocated to be cautious to understand cultural dimensions while developing ad copy to rural folks Place (Distribution): The mechanism of distribution of beer products in China takes place via Distributors appointed by Manufacturers in turn retailer super markets. Distributor is focal point from which whole-salers supply the goods. Each distributor holds rights to sell one brands. Wholesalers will buy different brands from different distributors and dispense. Foreign players suffer from effective reach. Joint venture structure of distribution will help to overcome problems. Piggyback model of distribution will strengthen Distributor- retailer model. Multi channel mode of distribution will serve the purpose. Marketing Planning: International marketer need to deal with at least two level of uncontrollable uncertainties. The success of marketing program depends on optimal adjustment to business climate in which you are operating. After analyzing opportunities and select the province of china next step is to define the target market. Chinese are got enough disposable income and have been accepting beer as food beverage. Target market will give a direction to develop marketing mix and total number of potential consumers approximately. Aire Breweries should have good local partner to implement marketing strategy and extend support to reach target market. The price and promotion campaign need to be devised according to local practices. Entry Strategy: Once the market profiling is done, it is always good to enter in to the Chinese market through a joint venture. For many years, the Aire Valley Breweries plc, a UK company focused its marketing effort on premium-priced products. As beer market is growing at good rate, it is high time to get in to China market with constructive marketing strategy. A Joint-venture with local partner will offer ease in operations procurement of recourses, recruitment and handling beaurocratic issues. The local partner knowledge on competition, language, culture and business systems can influence the government policy. Conclusion: China is very potential because of vast population but high levels of risk has been demonstrated.Aire breweries may take assistance of local marketing research organisation to seek first hand information for political socio-cultural aspects. References: Kenichi Ohmae, (1990), The Next global stage available at http: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3c%27s_model Jeffrey Hays (2008) wine beer in China available at http://www.factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=142catid News Report (Dec 2006) Beer market in china http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbaa0012m.pdf National Bureau of statistics of China, available at http://www.chinaknowledge.com/market/book- Starmas international Business consultants (2009) China trends available at http://www.starmass.com/china_review/economy/_overview/china_macroeconomic.htm China Knowledge Bureau report, (2008) available at http://www.chinaknowledge.com/market/book-china consumer.aspx?subchap=1content=3 Chinese Beer Industry Report, (October 2007) Koncept Analytics Publishers, UK available at http://www.reportbuyer.com.food_drink/alcoholic_drinks/beer/chinese_beer_industry Beer Market in china (2008), A Market analysis of Aroq Ltd. Published at UK available at http://www.justdrinks.com/store/product.aspx?id=68150 Jeffrey Hays (2008) wine beer in China available at http://www.factsanddetails.com/china.php?itemid=142catid 10. Richard Benson-Armer, Joshua Leibowitz, And Deepak Ramachandran (1999) Global Beer: Whats On Tap? available at https://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/ghost.aspx?ID=/Global_beer_Whats_on_Tap_321 News Report, (December 2006 ) Beer market in China http://www.globalbusinessinsights.com/content/rbaa0012m.pdf Don Lee, (29, April 2009), China relaxes business regulations, Los Angeles Times, available at http://articles.latimes.com/2009/apr/29/business/fi-chinaregs29 Charles W. L Hill, 2005, 5th Ed, International Business, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India p- 166 Philip R Cateora, John L Graham (2008) 3ed, International Marketing, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, India p26 InfoPacific Development Inc. (2009), Kompass, China http://www.chinatoday.com/general/a.htm Prof. Jiangang (Jim) Dai Prof. Chen Zhou (March 2008), Beer Distribution In China, Georgia Institute of Technology, available at http://www.scl.gatech.edu/research/china/beerreport2008.pdf China Business Intelligence analysis available at http://chinabizintel.com/industry-updates/several-major-problems-in-chinas-beer-market.html

Marxist View Of The Colonialism History Essay

Marxist View Of The Colonialism History Essay European colonial period was the period 1500-1900 in most of the European powers to colonize Africa, America and Asia. Designed to boost the bottom of the first region of the national economy at the expense of rivals, the colonies are usually allowed to deal only with the mother nation. By mid-19th century, the great British Empire as trade restrictions mercantilism and established the principle of free trade, the conditions of the restrictions or charges. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2006 used the word colonialism to describe the process in Europe in other regions of the world, including the Americas, Australia, Africa and parts of Asia settlement and political control. Countries of imperialism and colonialism, constantly discussed because it is difficult to distinguish between these two words distinction, and use this project as a broad concept of colonialism is the dominant 16th-century European political project to the end of the twentieth century, the national liberation movement in the 1960s. The relationship between the colonial force of the majority (or import) and foreign invaders of indigenous minorities. What is the decision, affecting the life of colonial peoples and the implementation of the colonial rulers in pursuit of interests, is usually defined in a distant city. Refused to compromise cultural colonial population, are convinced the settlers and their ordained task, in order to rule out the advantage. [7] Activities that can be called colonialism has a long history. Africa, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans built in the ancient colony from the colonial empires. Metropolis from the Greek metropolis the mother city, colonial word comes from the Latin Cologne grew up. Between 11th and 18th centuries, Vietnamese established military colonies south of their original terrain and immersed the territory, in a procedure known as nam tià ¡Ã‚ °Ã‚ ¿n. Recent colonialism started with the Age of Discovery. Spain and portugal discovered new land built or opened large tracts of land between the ocean and shopping centers. For some people, it is the expansion of other types of construction colonialism colonial characteristics of the other side of the ocean. In this new land was divided between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, and so between the papal bulls and the Treaty of Tordesillas and Zaragoza (1529) of the Treaty. With this commercial revolution. See the late Middle Ages in Italy and the eastern Mediterranean, accounting and banking sector reform. These ideas were adopted, and adapt to the high risk in Western Europe, and return to the colonial enterprise. In the 17th century, the establishment of Dutch colonial empire and the French Empire and the French colonial empire, and later became the British Empire. He also believes that the establishment of colonial empires, colonies abroad in Denmark and Sweden. Reduce the spread of colonial empires in the late 19th century, the United States as early as in 18 of the Revolutionary War and the War of Independence in Latin America. However, the introduction of a new colony, after this period, including the Belgian colonial empire and German colonial empire. And participated in several European powers in the late 19th century, the scramble for Africa. I found, at the same time above the Empire, the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, but does not extend over the ocean. In contrast, the traditional route of the invasion of neighboring lands imperial expansion. , However, some of Russias Bering Strait colonial rule in the United States. Empire of Japan itself along the European colonial empires. Overseas Territories in the United States after the Spanish-American War, the American Empire. After World War I, the victors divided the German colonial empire. Many of the Ottoman Empire and between them these tasks Alliance land is divided into three different speed, and believes he will be ready for independence. [11] However, outside the United States until after World War II decolonization delay. In 1962, the United Nations Special Decolonization Committee, and is often referred to as the Committee of 24, in order to facilitate this process. In addition, tens of thousands of the independence movement and the political unity of the global project, the former colonies of the Movement of Non-Aligned key role in the decolonization efforts. Marxist view of colonialism Marxism sights colonialism as a form of capitalism, imposing exploitation and social variation. Marx believed that working within the capitalist world system, the uneven development of colonialism is closely related. A file corruption and large-scale development and system-dependent economic distortions, psychological and social chaos, poverty and the great dependence of neo-colonialism. [16] according to Marxist historians, whether it is in the Western European countries colony, stealing more than half of a normal life, the lack of nutrition citizens. [17] in the colonies and production means. Raw materials and looking for new investment opportunities is the result of the accumulation of capital, competition between capitalism. Lenin, imperialism, colonialism, imperialist monopoly capitalism through colonialism and night Sonja S. He explains: Vladimir Lenin called a firm principle of self-determination of the people in his socialist revolution thesis on the right to self-determinati on of the socialist Internationals plan OLL a key factor, he quoted Lenin that the right of peoples to self-determination, special rights, in the political sense of independence, freedom political separation of the rights of the oppressed countries. more specifically, the demand for political reasons. democracy suggests complete freedom to stir for secession and for a survey on secession by the seceding nation-state. In recent years, scientists have invested less attention to the discussion of colonialism in the Marxist tradition. This decline reflects the influence of Marxism in academic practice and policy. However, Marxism, moved the independence movement of all post-colonial theory and anti-colonial rule over the world. Drew attention to the expansion, helps to explain the concept of European politics after the end of the sustained economic development of direct political rule, and pointed out that the material basis of Marxism. From the point of view of Marxism, a form of imperialism is inevitable. Large population exported to overseas resource-rich land, the countrys industrial products and a reliable source of natural resources to create a market. Or, you can be the weakest countries face the choice between voluntary acceptance of foreign products, is not conducive to work under the influence of the local industry or political, in order to achieve the same goal. Marxs analysis of the progr essive forces of colonialism brought update feudal society like a transparent rationalization of foreign domination. However, his British hegemony account reflects the contradictions of capitalism in Europe. In both cases, the Marx recognized during the transition from feudal society to bourgeois society caused great pain at the same time stressed that the change is necessary and progressive end. He said, the penetration of the trade, lead to a social revolution in India. For Marx, the positive and negative consequences of the disease. Traditional farmers are losing their livelihoods, is a lot of human suffering, but also shows that the traditional rural communities far from ideal, but the site of class oppression and slavery, suffering and cruelty. The first phase of the modernization process is completely negative, because of the poor pay heavy taxes to support the British rule, withstand economic crisis the English cotton production cheaper. Ultimately, however, British merchants began to realize that the Indians can not afford to buy clothes or imports of British administration, if they do not effectively trade in goods, providing incentives for production and investment in infrastructure in the UK. Marx believed that the British ruled greedy and cruel exercise, he feels he is still an agent of progress. Therefore, Marx discussed the British rule in India three aspects: the account of the advanced nature of foreign domination, the critique of the human suffering involved, and the last parameter of the British rule should be temporary, if the evolutionary potential to achieve . Lenins perspective, imperialism clear key. He stressed that imperialism is a way to make the European countries to postpone the inevitable revolutionary crisis exports by countries with weak local economic burden. Lenin said, the economic logic of the reasons advanced capitalist imperialism in the late nineteenth century. Declining margins caused by the economic crisis can not be resolved through regional expansion. Group of capitalism forced to expand in seeking to transcend national boundaries, conquer new markets and resources. In a certain sense, Marxs analysis, see the expansion and the ongoing process of European colonialism in the country and throughout Europe within, which is fully compatible. The thought of Marx and Lenin, imperialism and colonialism led to the same logic, leading to economic development and modernization in the surrounding areas of Europe. But there is an element of the unique analysis, Lenin. Around the state monopoly capitalism since the end of the compet ition in the market take the form of military competition between the countries on Earth can be masters of their own exclusive economic zone.

Jezza The Great :: essays research papers

Jezza the great - Matt Posaner For many Carlton supports, the greatest player, bar non, in recent memory is Alex Jesaulenko. He represented all that was mercurial and brilliant in football; he was a player people came to watch because the unbelievable on a regular basis, and the unexpected 10 times a game. Like Mozart, the greatest composer of all time, Alex Jesaulenko was born of Ukrainian parents in the Austrian city of Salzburg. He came to Australia as a young boy and grew up in Canberra. There are a couple of persistent rumours about the young Jesaulenko, which lend an aura to his particular genius. The first is that the baby Jezza spent some time with his family in a refugee camp in or near Carlton in the late 1940's - Camp Pell, or a camp in the Exhibition Gardens. The second is that he did notevan pick up an Australian football until the ripe old age of 15. And the last one is that the Prime Minister of the day, Sir Robert Menzies, personally interviewed to have the Manuka-Eastlakes star and Commenwealth public servant transferred to Melbourne in time for the 1967 season. The rest of his story is truthful, and needs no embellishment - the soaring marks, such as the mark of the century in the 1970 grand final, the hundred goals in a season, the ability to command the ball to do his will, the way his body worked its way untouched through marauding packs, as if he could disappear under ground and worm his way up in a clear space. Not to mention the way he could bring the rest of the team into the play by direct involvement, or sheer example. When called upon to coach Carlton in 1978, he was being shirt-fronted by Collingwood's Stan Magro that inspired a win that season, and eventually the Flag in 1979. He left in loyalty to controversial President George Harris but was still blue through and through. When called upon in another crisis after the sacking of Robert Walls in 1989, he came and the magic worked again.

Why was Italy not unified after the Congress of Vienna (1815)? :: essays research papers

Before the Congress of Vienna the French occupation had far reaching affects on Italy. The power of the Church and the Pope was reduced, changes were made in landownership and land was redistributed. A new middle class began to appear. Agriculture was improved and the peasants were freed from their old feudal ties and obligations. Then when Napoleon was defeated and the restoration of the old regime and monarchs was started, Italy again became a country divided into eleven independent states, excluding the tiny principalities and the Republic of San Marino. So Italy was not unified after the Congress of Vienna due to a number of reasons, such as the foreign influence of the Central European Powers, parochialism within the states, the lack of a common language and a strong economy coupled with the poor geography that separated Italy from itself and the rest of Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the major factors that contributed to Italy not being unified after the congress of Vienna was the impact of foreign influence. Before the restoration of the old regime in Italy state boundaries were rearranged a number of times, ending up with a division of the peninsula into only three parts instead of eleven states. One third, including Piedmont, was annexed to France, one third became the Kingdom of Italy, and Napoleon’s brother, Joseph, as the Kingdom of Naples, ruled the remainder. Yet at the restoration of the old regime in Italy after the Congress of Vienna, the Pope was among those who regained their positions. During the Napoleonic occupation successive Popes had been taken into exile in France, and the temporal power of the Pope as ruler of an Italian state had been declared at an end. But when the Pope returned he was intent on restoring temporal, as well as spiritual, control. The Papal States were divided into seventeen provinces, five of which were under the authority of Papal Legates, or Cardinals, who acted as provincial governors. The remainder, which were nearer Rome, were controlled by priests known as Delegates. The whole administration of the Papal States was in the hands of the clergy. The lay people had no part in government, apart from a few lay members of advisory bodies called ‘congregations’. Politically, Italy was fragmented. Further, half the states were governed by kings or dukes who already occupied or hoped soon to inherit the thrones of the non-Italian countries.

Graduation Speech: Tonight We Cross the Finish Line :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Congratulations, County High Class of 2012, our thirteen-year marathon is over. Some of you may know I am a distance runner, part of an immensely successful cross-country and distance track program. We were fourth at the state cross-country championships, and we are the best senior boys team in the state. My involvement in athletics truly linked me with our school and granted me friends whom I will remember for a lifetime. One of the most important aspects of my time in high school was getting involved. Wherever your next journey takes you, don't sit back and watch the action. Take the initiative and you will experience the benefits. Just look around you. These are the people you grew up with, the people you were teammates with and the people you have survived dozens of classes with for the last four years. They are not merely faces in a yearbook. They are your people, your community, your family. They are the greatest benefit of being involved. Another concept I have learned from my participation in running is teamwork. No matter how hard we try, we cannot live our lives without others' help or without helping others. We must work together to succeed on the road ahead. This is the essence of teamwork. I know that even my personal success in cross-country and track is not solely mine. I know that my three district titles, one in cross country and two in track, in the 800 meter and 1600 meter runs, could not have been accomplished without my team's unequivocal support and for that, I thank them. However, along with the team element, we must remember one notion. Live life for you. Expect more out of yourself. Expect to reach the finish line, expect to finish first and expect to finish in one piece. Don't live your life striving to fulfill the expectations of your parents, your professors or your bosses. Live up to your own. Raise your expectations. Exceed them. Reach your potential. Now I have one thing to ask of you. Tonight, as we cross this finish line before us and set forth upon our next journey, strive to make a difference. Get involved to make our country a better place. Use teamwork to bring our people and the whole world together. I know to me personally, making a difference in our country and our world is paramount. Next week, I leave for the United States Military Academy at West Point, N. Graduation Speech: Tonight We Cross the Finish Line :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address Congratulations, County High Class of 2012, our thirteen-year marathon is over. Some of you may know I am a distance runner, part of an immensely successful cross-country and distance track program. We were fourth at the state cross-country championships, and we are the best senior boys team in the state. My involvement in athletics truly linked me with our school and granted me friends whom I will remember for a lifetime. One of the most important aspects of my time in high school was getting involved. Wherever your next journey takes you, don't sit back and watch the action. Take the initiative and you will experience the benefits. Just look around you. These are the people you grew up with, the people you were teammates with and the people you have survived dozens of classes with for the last four years. They are not merely faces in a yearbook. They are your people, your community, your family. They are the greatest benefit of being involved. Another concept I have learned from my participation in running is teamwork. No matter how hard we try, we cannot live our lives without others' help or without helping others. We must work together to succeed on the road ahead. This is the essence of teamwork. I know that even my personal success in cross-country and track is not solely mine. I know that my three district titles, one in cross country and two in track, in the 800 meter and 1600 meter runs, could not have been accomplished without my team's unequivocal support and for that, I thank them. However, along with the team element, we must remember one notion. Live life for you. Expect more out of yourself. Expect to reach the finish line, expect to finish first and expect to finish in one piece. Don't live your life striving to fulfill the expectations of your parents, your professors or your bosses. Live up to your own. Raise your expectations. Exceed them. Reach your potential. Now I have one thing to ask of you. Tonight, as we cross this finish line before us and set forth upon our next journey, strive to make a difference. Get involved to make our country a better place. Use teamwork to bring our people and the whole world together. I know to me personally, making a difference in our country and our world is paramount. Next week, I leave for the United States Military Academy at West Point, N.

Summerhill Education

SUMMERHILL EDUCATION Education is one of many elements, which create personalities of young people. We used to the fact that each school aims to teach, require and civilize. Most people think, that young do not know what is good for them, moreover, without appropriate mobilization, they cannot gain a success in future. 1. Alexander Sutherland Neill  (17 October 1883 – 23 September 1973) was a Scottish progressive educator, author and founder of  Summerhill school, which remains open and continues to follow his educational philosophy to this day. He is best known as an advocate of personal freedom for children.Neill believed that the happiness of the child should be the paramount consideration in decisions about the child's upbringing, and that this happiness grew from a sense of personal freedom. He felt that deprivation of this sense of freedom during childhood, and the consequent unhappiness experienced by the repressed child, was responsible for many of the psychologica l disorders of adulthood. Neill's ideas, which tried to help children achieve self-determination and encouraged critical thinking rather than blind obedience, were seen as backward, radical, or at best, controversial.Many of Neill's ideas are widely accepted today, although there are still many more â€Å"traditional† thinkers within the educational establishment who regard Neill's ideas as threatening the existing social order, and are therefore controversial. In 1921 Neill founded  Summerhill School  to demonstrate his educational theories in practice. These included a belief that children learn better when they are not compelled to attend lessons. The school is also managed democratically, with regular meetings to determine school rules.Pupils have equal voting rights with school staff. Neill's Summerhill School experience demonstrated that, free from the coercion of traditional schools, students tended to respond by developing self-motivation, rather than self-indulge nce. Externally imposed discipline, Neill felt, prevented internal, self-discipline from developing. He therefore considered that children who attended Summerhill were likely to emerge with better-developed critical thinking skills and greater self-discipline than children educated in compulsion-based schools.These tendencies were perhaps all the more remarkable considering that the children accepted by Summerhill were often from problematic backgrounds, where parental conflict or neglect had resulted in children arriving in a particularly unhappy state of mind. The therapeutic value of Summerhill's environment was demonstrated by the improvement of many children who had been rejected by conventional schools, yet flourished at Summerhill. Strongly influenced by the contemporary work of  Sigmund Freud  and  Wilhelm Reich, Neill was opposed to  sexual repression  and the imposition of the strict  Victorian values  of his childhood era.He stated clearly that to be anti-se x was to be anti-life. Naturally, these views made him unpopular with many establishment figures of the time. 2. CHARACTERISTIC Summerhill is a democratic, self-governing school providing boarding, day education and care for 78 pupils aged 5 – 17 years old. It is situated in the small market town of Leiston, within walking distance of the town centre. The school adopts an alternative philosophy to education based on the work of its founder, A S Neill. It is based on the notion that children should be free to decide for themselves how to spend their time in school.The proprietor, who is the daughter of A S Neill, continues to uphold these principles. The daily life of the school is governed by the school meetings, held three times a week, in which everybody has an equal vote. School meetings are used to create, confirm and amend all the school laws which form the structure of expectations for the community of staff and pupils, in which the adults and children have complete par ity of status. The school's philosophy is to allow freedom for the individual, each child being able to take their own path in life and find, through experience, the things that they want to do and the person they want to be.The school proposes that this leads to an inner selfconfidence and real acceptance of themselves as people. All of this is done within the structures of the school, through the meetings, self-government and the clear distinctions between freedom and licence, all elements which are at the very core of the school's philosophy and the day-to-day experiences of the pupils and staff. The school is part of a regional, national and international democratic network and reflects the extent of A S Neill’s continuing influence on the world.This is mirrored in the pupil intake. Approximately two thirds of pupils (mainly Dutch, German, Korean Japanese, and Taiwanese) speak English as an additional language. The principal and, from time to time other staff and children , go out from the school to speak to and work with other children and adults and to promote democratic education. A. S. Neill’s system is a radical approach to child rearing. In Summerhill School authority does not mask a system of manipulation. 3. THE PRINCIPLES ? Neill maintains a firm faith â€Å"in the goodness of the child. He believes that the average child is not born a cripple, a coward, or a soulless automaton, but has full potentialities to love life and to be interested in life. ? The aim of education-in fact the aim of life-is to work joyfully and to find happiness. Happiness, according to Neill, means being interested in life; or as I would put it, responding to life not just with one’s brain but with one’s whole personality. ? In education, intellectual development is not enough. Education must be both intellectual and emotional.In modern society we find an increasing separation between intellect and feeling. The experiences of man today are mainl y experiences of thought rather than an immediate grasp of what his hurt feels, his eyes see, and his ears hear. In fact, this separation between intellect and feeling has led modern man to a near schizoid state of mind in which he has become almost incapable of experiencing anything except in thought. ? Education must be geared to the psychic needs and capacities of the child. The child is not an altruist. He does not yet love in the sense of the mature love of an adult.It is an error to expect something from a child, which he can show only in a hypocritical way. Altruism develops after childhood. ? Discipline, dogmatically imposed, and punishment create fear; and fear creates hostility. This hostility may not be conscious and overt, but it nevertheless paralyzes endeavor and authenticity of feeling. The extensive disciplining of children is harmful and thwarts sound psychic development ? Freedom does not mean license. This very important principle, emphasized by Neill, is that res pect for the individual must be mutual.A teacher does not use force against a child, nor has a child the right to use force against a teacher. A child may not intrude upon an adult just because he is a child, nor may a child use pressure in the many ways in which a child can. ? Closely related to this principle is the need for true sincerity on the part of the teacher. The author says that never in the 40 years of his work in Summerhill has he lied to a child. Anyone who reads this book will be convinced that this statement, which might sound like boasting, is the simple truth. Healthy human development makes it necessary that a child eventually cut the primary ties which connect him with his father and mother, or with later substitutes in society, and that he become truly independent. He must learn to face the world as an individual. He must learn to find his security not in any symbiotic attachment, but in his capacity to grasp the world intellectually, emotionally, and artistical ly. He must use all his powers to find union with the world, rather than to find security through submission or domination. ? Summerhill School does not offer religious education.This, however, does not mean that Summerhill is not concerned with what might be loosely called the basic humanistic values. Neill puts it succinctly: â€Å"The battle is not between believers in theology and non-believers in theology; it is between believers in human freedom and believers in the suppression of human freedom. † The author continues, â€Å"Some day a new generation will not accept the obsolete religion and myths of today. When the new religion comes, it will refute the idea of man’s being born in sin. A new religion will praise God by making men happy. †

Mental health Essay

noetic hygiene is more than than internal, and deep. It is more focused on the past, whereas counselor-at- equity is more focused on the present. In psychotherapy, penetration is more important than change, and the therapists role is as more of an expert. Psychotherapy is also long-term, where pleader is usu altogethery more shortly term. discuss focuses on the health Model appreciation the person in their context (job/family/ society) 3. Discuss what is meant by counseling being an Art? Even though counseling proficiencys force out be inherent and creative like an art, is still uses technique and strategies, and has standards that mustiness be met. 4. ACA, CACREP, NBCC, APGA.ACA American Counseling Association CACREP Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related educational Programs NBCC National Board for Certified Counselors APGA American Personnel and Guidance Association 5. 4 ad hominemized qualities counselors should have Curiosity ability to liste n and be empathetic world power to have a conversation Empathy and consciousness Emotional Insightfulness Capacity for self-importance Denial Tolerance for Intimacy easygoing with Power Goodwill Do No Harm Self Awargonness Maintaining military capability Remaining Objective Accepting and Confronting Situations talent to Laugh Intellectual Competence Energy. tractability Support 6. Briefly discuss burnout and 2 ways to avoid it or change magnitude the likelihood it will occur Burnout is the physical, genial and emotional exhaustions brought on by link oer prolonged periods with emotionally demanding situations and wad. generalize that you are there to gestate the lymph gland and lead them to empowerment, non to fix them. several(prenominal) ways to avoid burnout are to try counseling yourself, watchking supervision and guidance, pickings a break or a vacation, joining a peer support group, getting regular exercise, meditation, taking epoch to enjoy hobbies, and seeki ng support from family and friends.traumatic events in the counselors personal vivification may contribute to the variant felt when traffic with node issues at the same time. 7. chouse terms honor openity is a discipline inside philosophy that is concerned with human conduct and example decision making and are the idol standards expected by a affair. It governs relationships within a employment Morals are determined within a handsome context of culture of society. They are our birth and are often influenced by family, community and religion Laws dictate lower limit standards of demeanor that a society will turn out Autonomy respects the immunity of excerption Nonmaleficence Do not harm.Beneficence Be helpful and do not buck Justice Fairness to all clients h unrivaledsty Being honest and upfront fidelity Loyalty and faithful to what my profession dictates vicarious Liability- someoneistics who have control and authority over others will be held account fitted for their negligence. (Supervisor is prudent for the actions he/she supervises) Common Law laws that create as a result of solicit decisions ( raiment by judicial precident) Regulations accepted guidelines set forth by a profession Federal Laws trumps rules and is open as the minimum requirements set by the government Rules established within the system.Tort Law law resulting from the private sector (laws that result from the crucifixion or harm from the private sector) 8. Be cap commensurate to distinguish between ruler Ethics and lawfulness Ethics head t from each oneer ethics have their foundation in moral principles, which are agreed upon assumptions or beliefs around ideals that are shared by members of the helping profession. ( What should I do respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity, veracity ) Virtue ethics involve more than moral actions they also involve traits of character or virtue.Virtue ethics focus on the actor rather than the acti on (Who should I be integrity, discernment, acceptance of emotion, self- aware(p)ness, interdependence with the community) 9. Know the reasons for honest codes Ethical codes give our profession credibility, protects us from government interference, helps to reduce malpractice, protects the clients wel farthere, en accrediteds business within the profession 10. Be equal to discuss the 4 beliefs of counseling professionals or point in a short vignette 1. The best perspective for assisting individuals is the wellness model of mental health.The goal is for each person to achieve positive mental health to the degree possible. Mental health is seen as occurring on a continuum. It accounts for carrying out in family relationships, friendships, career, spirituality, leisure activities, physical health, life story environment, financial status and sexuality. 2. Most of the issues that people face in life are victimisational in nature and understanding the dynamics of human growth and development is essential to success as a helper. Since most problems are developmental, they are instinctive and normal.We all will experience authoritative things are several(predicate) times of our lives. 3. cake and early intervention are far superior to remediation in dealing with personal and emotional problems. To do this, counselors volunteer education. Through education, the clients will have the needful tools to meet the challenges later in life when encountered. 4. The goal of counseling is to empower individual clients and client systems to resolve their ingest problems respectively of mental health professionals and to teach them to rank and resolve their give problems autonomously in the future.By teaching appropriate problem solving techniques, and increasing their self-understanding, it is hoped that the client will not always need assistance. 11. Be able to grade factors that influence culture 12. scat Ethnicity Nationality Gender Age Social furcate Mar ital Status Sexual druthers Disability Place of Residence terminology Religion Other nonvisible 13. Be able to tell apart the important things to consider in crisis counseling Distinguish physiological responses from gestures. Be aware of how things like eye get through can be pagan. suspend utilize stereotypical conclusions regarding non verbal behavior Avoid imposing your prys on an individual in a crisis situation ( what seems to you to be slef-defeating may actually be cultural in context) 14. Be able to identify and briefly discuss the three areas of multicultural Competencies Self Awareness Become aware of your protest personal value, biases, assumptions Knowledge gain awareness of cultural values, biases, assumptions of respective(a) clients Skills spring up culturally appropriate intervention strategies for diverse clients. 15.Be able to identify and briefly discuss the assumptions regarding values AND ways to minify imposing values on clients Be careful not to project your own values or interests onto the client. Lead them to the egress that they are comfortable with. Be sure to take into consideration cultural influences, apparitional influences, etc. There is no such thing as an absolute value that exists objectively. Each person is responsible for their own values system. Acknowledge tendency to see clients as pathological when dealing with personal values. Accept clients as they are preferably of sick of immoral be answer values systems do not conform.Inform yourself about eh varieties of values held in society. Be aware of your own values. Present value options in an aboveboard manner. Be committed to freedom of choice of your clients. Respect clients who have values different than your own. Consult others when conflict exists. Refer clients to another(prenominal) counselor if conflicts cannot be resolved. 16. Know Confidentiality an ethical concept that refers to the counselors debt instrument to respect the clients solit ude and to our promise to clients that the information they reveal during counseling will be protected from divine revelation without their consent.(Autonomy, respect, pledge of silence, utility) Privileged Communication a judge cannot order information that has been recognised by law as countenance to be revealed in court. Communications must originate in confidence. The element of confidentiality must be essential to the relationship. The relationship is one that needs to be carefully fostered. The wound to the relationship that disclosure of communications would cause must be greater than the profit gained for the correct disposal of the litigation. Privacy The freedom of individuals to choose when they reveal their information.The right to admit the counseling relationship a secret. Afforded to all individuals in the 4th amendment. 17. Know the limits/exceptions to confidentiality and privilege communication 18. Client waives privilege Does not end in death share with subo rdinates/superiors Protecting someone in jeopardy Counseling multiple clients (group) Counseling minors Court Ordered Legal Protections for Counselors in dispute 19. Be able to identify potential legal issues 20. Know flog Subjective (use quotes, write some(prenominal) the client reports) Objective (info from the counselor, assessments, reports) estimations (impression of S and O. Does everything stride up? ) juts (diagnosis and treatment plan with goals and objectives) DAPData (Objective information) Assessment ( counselors interpretation of the data) Plan (what you intend to do and what you what to accomplish) 21. Be able to discuss reasons for make-up moorage notes and goals of writing case notes It helps to see your client as a total person. Helps to remember client details. Notes are not meant to be a transcript. It is an integrated view of the interaction. For review by many others who are in on the care of the patient.22. Be able to identify things that might be consi dered records connect to clients/students in the counseling profession Phone calls, emails, appointments, bills, set passes, payment records, physical recordings, audio recordings, case notes 23. Know the questions to consider when writing/ cerebration about clinical notes Be concise. Be transparent. Dont put something in a record that you would not pauperization to be made public. Just the facts. 24. Be able to identify who might aver clinical notes Supervisors, transcribers, other clinicians, lawyers, attendings 25.Be able to discuss problems/issues related to using non-homogeneous forms of technology related to information about clients/students. Security is hard to secure electronically. Files can be intercepted. Phone calls can be intercepted. FB allows for multiple people to see and entrance money information. Confidentiality cannot be guaranteed. 26. How might you ensure confidentiality related to various forms of technology Encryption. Fax draw out sheets. Getting wr itten instructions as to how and when and where to present and what data can be presented.

Body soul destinction Essay

‘Religious philosophy can offer no firm evidence for a distinction between body and soul.’ Discuss.Humans appear to have both a body and a mind, the body which is related to physical movements and appearances. And the mind which relates to feelings and emotions, qualia.This it is distracted by earthly wants and desires.Plato old saw the body and soul as two separate entities. The soul that most closely resembles the eminent divine and immortal. While the body resembles the human and mortal, which is endlessly changing and can be broken down. Plato was not trying to suggest the soul was perfect as it joined the body which it is inhibited by, however, he explains that by taking care of the soul the person can develop knowledge.To be able to comprehend the difference between itself and the brain, we have to first learn how to differentiate between the own mind and the body.

On the other hand for the mind to be stimulated it has other needs how that are met through deep thought and learning. However, there is a flaw to Plato’s theory, how can you have two completely different substances that are the same thing? Plato’s theory suggests the whole body and soul can work together to achieve a higher level of existence, but if the body wired and soul are completely different there is no evidence to suggest they would be compatible.Another dualist, Aquinas took a more more religious view of dualism. He believed that the body and soul were separate and described the soul as that which animates the body or ‘anima.Humans have the soul that is the rational soul.Evidence for religious views on the soul come extract from the bible.Within the new testament, there are stories of Jesus’ resurrection that suggest dualism. Within one particular story Jesus’ first disciples are walking to Emaus. Along the way they are joined by a ma n, it is only when they arrive at Emaus and offer the man a place to eat and stay that he lurid reveals himself as Jesus.His theory is difficult to comprehend.

He accepted that everything non physical is in the mind and therefore divine must be distinct from the body. The mind according to Descartes is non – spatial and is distinct from material and bodily substances.He suggested deeds that everything has characteristics and that the mind and body’s characteristics are different therefore hey curfew must be separate. For example a property of the mind may be consciousness, whereas the human body has more aesthetic qualities such as height breadth etc.Although Dawkins concept relies on empirical evidence logical and its been proved that genes decide certain portions of a persons traits there is no evidence to imply deeds that genes compose the whole of an individuals personality and so it might be observed deeds that there might be something else, this could be the soul.† A man’s soul is that to which the pure mental properties of a old man belong.† Richard Swinburne developed a dualist view based on th e soul being indestructible and indivisible. Swinburne suggested that is a logical possibility good for a person to exist after the body dies, as the soul lives on. The soul according to Swinburne is linked keyword with mental processes and activity and it’s independent from the body.Many philosophers earn a distinction between brain and the body, the dualist view there is a person created of two substances that are individual.

On the other hand although the further details of the experiences seem to be accurate there is no proof that the experiences may not be caused by another physical phenomena.On the other hand Dawkins, a biological materialist would disagree with the opinion that the soul logical and the body are separate substances. Dawkins bases his theory on evolution and genetics. He would reject any concept of an eternal soul and therefore rejects dualism.Therefore, the very first intention of soul because the original form would be to metabolize.Genes according to Dawkins program who a person is, and it is DNA deeds that singly creates what a person looks like as well as their personality. For Dawkins chorus both the mind and body are controlled by the DNA and therefore he suggests that there is no need for a soul. Although Dawkins theory is based on empirical evidence and it has been proved that certain specific genes decide certain parts of a persons characteristics there is yet no proof to suggest that genes make up the whole of a someone’s personality and therefore it could be seen that there may be something else, how this may be the soul.John Hick has formed a view of religious materialism.Secondly, neither the girl nor the pregnancy has to be punished because the woman may have troubles which could stop her from taking good care of the kid.

This replica is the same person however, whilst they cannot exist at the same time. According to Hick at the same time that when a person dies a replica of them is created by God. how This is a way of preserving personal identity after death. The evidence for religious materialism is based on the resurrection of Jesus.According to Hick at the time if he dies a copy of them that is made by God.In the brain, national consciousness is generated as well as the other physical processes we link with the brain such as movement. further Evidence for this is put foreward in â€Å"the philosophy files†. Within the book and analogy explains how if you were to look in the brain you would be able to locate an area deeds that is stimulated and that thoughts must be generated in this area. We already know only 10% of the best brains capacity is used consciously and therefore it is a logical assumption that our mind is located within the brain.To separate this unity different approach t o undo the kind of manifestation.

The Papaer Java Test Questions and Answers

Gaddis showtime disclose With coffee bean 5 From govern Structures to disapproves Chapter 06 A graduation exercise realize At mannikines aggregate extract 1. champion or more(prenominal) intents whitethorn be pretendd from a(n)_____. a. plain stitch b. percentage c. point d. character referenceface autonomic nervous system B 2. Class designs ordinarily realize _____ that coif recyclable trading operations on their selective information, scarce native lurchables do non. a. palm b. grammatical cases c. rules of battle arrays d. relationships autonomic nervous system C 3. In the biscuit legal tender rule hold of the _____ as a biscuit cutter and _____ as the cookies. a. prey split upes b. descriptor target bea glasss c. course of study sketch d. sports stadium regularity actings autonomic nervous system B 4. A UML plat does non conduct _____. . course of instruction style b. modes c. reach of operation d. physical physical target c whole autonomic nervous system D 5. An ingress specifier predicts how the level whitethorn be main courseed. a. full-strength b. rancid autonomic nervous system A 6. entropy closed-doorness, which factor that deprecative entropy stored intimate the target ara is protect from cipher outdoor(a) the goal is complete(a) in coffee bean by _____. a. exploitation the customary price of admission specifier on the break up manners b. employ the clubby attack specifier on the cast systems c. using the unavowed devil specifier on the family line commentary d. using the mystic regain specifier on the build handle autonomic nervous system D 7. For the pastime calculate, which education is non neat? ublic family battleground semi closed-door take over gas constant mankind thirdfold x unavowed duple y hugger-mugger epitome z a. x is for sale to law that is compose distant the region markify. b. wheel spoke is non gettable to codification compose extracurricular the force serviceman programme. c. radius, x, y, and z be called elements of the domain illuminate. d. z is gettable to reckon that is compose outback(a) the champaign mark. autonomic nervous system D 8. Which of the pursuit is non theatrical role of the rule heading? a. manner get to b. strike showcase c. penetration specifier d. tilt variant solvent e. all(prenominal) of the in a higher place ar move of the rule headland autonomic nervous system E 9.A regularity acting that stores a cheer in a trends valet or in virtually former(a) air changes the valuate of a national is know as a mutator manner acting. a. trus cardinalrthy b. bastard autonomic nervous system A 10. You should non put a course of action region that is qualified upon the honor of other kin palm _____. a. in decree to bar having piss entropy b. because it is superfluous c. because it should be be in othe r syllabus d. in unbending out to constrain it truthful autonomic nervous system A 11. The hobby UML draw doorway operator _____ + set point(h duple) malar happen upon a. this is a usual arena called aggrandizement and is a biramous entropy character reference b. this is a closed-door system with no contentions and travel bys a triplex information graphic symbol c. his is a hugger-mugger dramaturgy called Height and is a picture entropy flake d. this is a usual rule acting with a debate of information fictitious character bivalent and does not grant a evaluate autonomic nervous system D 12. case method actings should be stated unruffled. a. aline b. phoney autonomic nervous system B 13. Methods that ensure on an aims handle argon called a. display case covariants b. causa methods c. familiar methods d. non humankind methods autonomic nervous system B 14. The ambit of a hugger-mugger event expanse is a. the font methods of the kindred crystalize b. in spite of appearance the manakin, notwithstanding not inner(a) all method c. indoors the parentheses of a method brain d. the method in which they are define autonomic nervous system A 15.A detergent builder is a method that is mechanically called when an end is developd. a. authorized b. out of true autonomic nervous system A 16. A builder a. unendingly guides dickens arguments b. has contri excepte eccentric person of forefend c. has the homogeneous style as the split d. ceaselessly has an approach shot specifier of sequestered autonomic nervous system C 17. shadow is the mark apply to key out where the theatre of operations represent is concealed by the divulge of a local anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic or line of reasoning varying. a. dead on target b. stupid autonomic nervous system A 18. Which of the chase narratives testament create a reference, str, to the arrange, Hello, being? a. string up str = Hello, creation b. suck str = Hello, orbit c. force str = bran-new-fangled Hello, instauration . str = Hello, ball autonomic nervous system A 19. ii or more methods in a phratry may be possessed of the identical physical remains as desire as a. they contract varied bring back lawsuits b. they postulate divers(prenominal) disputation inclinations c. they mystify various founder shells, just the kindred disputation itemisation d. you cannot look at two methods with the comparable style autonomic nervous system B 20. abandoned the next command, what give be the measure of finalAmount when it is displayed? humankind crime syndicate vow cloak-and-dagger int orderNum backstage retell orderAmount close ternary orderDiscount globe redact(int orderNumber, triple orderAmt, picture orderDisc) orderNum = orderNumber orderAmount = orderAmt rderDiscount = orderDisc humanity track CustomerOrder open passive vacuum cleaner main( take in args) int ordNum = 1234 recur ordAmount = 580. 00 forked discountPer = 0. 1 Order order twin finalAmount = order. orderAmount order. orderAmount * order. orderDiscount System. out. println( utmost order sum total = $ + finalAmount) a. 528. 00 b. 580. 00 c. in that location is no grade because the builder has an error. d. on that point is no value because the endeavor glass order has not been created. autonomic nervous system D 21. A fall apart specifies the _____ and _____ that a circumstance oddball of mark has. a. relationships methods b. ields object adduce calling c. handle methods d. relationships object secernates autonomic nervous system C 22. ____ refers to the compounding of entropy and throw in into a whiz object. a. information hiding b. abstractedness c. Object d. Encapsulation autonomic nervous system D 23. some other bound for an object of a frame is ____. a. gateway specifier b. representative c. subdivision d. method autonomic n ervous system B 24. In this discussion the general layout of a UML draw is a knock that is carve up into three partitions. The pinnacle slit has the ____ the midway section holds ____ the barelyt joint section holds ____. a. family discern handle methods b. variant soma object make up methods c. object anatomy handle methods . object reference methods surface area autonomic nervous system A 25. The prevalent access specifier for an field indicates that the field may not be accessed by statements away the break. a. full-strength b. glum autonomic nervous system B 26. For the future(a) mandate, which statement is not true? universal class muckle hugger-mugger iterate radius open double x clandestine double y a. x is ready(prenominal) to code that is scripted removed the mass class. b. radius is not procurable to code pen immaterial the sight class. c. radius, x, and y are called components of the circle class. d. y is getable to code that i s scripted out-of-door the go class.autonomic nervous system D 27. It is common utilization in object-oriented schedule to fuck off all of a classs _____. a. methods private b. field private c. field universe d. field and methods globe autonomic nervous system B 28. after(prenominal) the mind, the body of the method appears inner(a) a set of a. brackets, b. paretheses, () c. braces, d. double quotes, autonomic nervous system C 29. A method that gets a value from a classs field notwithstanding does not change it is know as a mutator method. a. line up b. turned autonomic nervous system B 30. In UML plats, a ____ indicates the member is private and a _____ indicates the member is public. a. * / b. c. + d. () autonomic nervous system C 31. In a UML diagram to indicate the data shell of a changeable star enter a. the variable forebode followed by the data grapheme b. the variable bod followed by a colon and the data type c. the class physique followed by the variable put forward followed by the data type d. the data type followed by the variable name autonomic nervous system B 32. congressman methods do not hold up the key joint static in their headers. a. original b. mistaken autonomic nervous system A 33. When an object is created, the field associated with the object are called a. voice field b. authority methods c. frigid handle d. class representativesautonomic nervous system A 34. A constructor is a method that a. returns an object of the class. b. never receives whatsoever arguments. c. with the name (class name). constructor. d. consummates initialisation or setup operations. autonomic nervous system D 35. The terminal nonremittal constructor is employ to any(prenominal) constructor that does not accept arguments. a. full-strength b. paradoxical autonomic nervous system B 36. The area of a public typeface field is a. only the class in which it is delimitate b. intimate the class, merely not privileged (a) any method c. inside the parentheses of a method header d. the typeface methods and methods foreign the class autonomic nervous system D 37.When a local variable in an precedent method has the akin name as an instance field, the instance field hides the local variable. a. authorized b. dishonest autonomic nervous system B 38. Which of the by-line statements depart create a reference, str, to the string, Hello, world? A. String str = new String(Hello, human being) B. String str = Hello, world a. A b. B c. A and B d. uncomplete A or B ANS C 39. Overloading pith quadruplicate methods in the self aforementioned(prenominal)(prenominal) class a. charter the identical name, solely disparate return types b. allow diverse names, but the alike(p) disputation list c. give birth the comparable name, but several(predicate) parameter lists d. perform the same mesh ANS C