India and China: Are catch-up theories relevant? Essay

For many decades, Japan has been the dominant power in Asia. Since 1945, America with the encourage of its close ally, Japan has dominated Asia. The spectacular rise of mainland China during the past cardinal decades has the potential to change this status quo. During the past 6-7 years, with impressive economic growth, India freeively has emerged as a nation to reckon with. USA and Japan see a stronger India as a means to limit Chinas exemption to maneuver in the region. In short, Asia is becoming an arena for balance of power politics.After to a greater extent than a century of relative stagnation, the economies of India and China stimulate been maturement at remarkably high rates over the past 25 years. In 1820 the two countries contributed nearly half of the human beingss income starting from near equal levels of per capita real income in 1870, India forged ahead of China until the outbreak of the First World War. Though both experienced declines in their per capita in comes thereafter (China more so than India) by 1950, Indias per capita income was about 40% higher than that of China.During the same period, the industrialized West pulled away, India and China had a share of less than one-tenth of the world income. It took roughly the next three decades for China to catch up with India. Since 1980, China has forged frequently farther ahead. China and India were the star performers in aggregate gross domestic product growth in the 1980s and 1990s. Chinas average growth of 10. 6% per year during the 90s had slowed slightly since to 9. 4%. India on the other hand albeit much lower rate of 6% in the 90s has a slight improvement since to 6. 2% (see Exhibit 1).Today, India and China are in 154th and 121st positions in a inclination of the 230-odd countries ranked by per capita GDP. But their share in world GDP is around 2% and 5% separately thanks to their billion-plus populations . Two countries account for 37. 5 percent of world population and 6. 4 percent of the value of world output. India and China have sustainable growth rates 7% and 10% respectively whereas the developed countries (USA, Japan, Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, and Canada) have only 2% even though they contribute nearly 66% of world GDP.Given the kind of dramatic growth relative to the rest of the world, it has turn over very fashionable to compare India and China and indulge in a bit of crystal ball gazing. The two countries with one trine of the worlds population is not only dominating the world statistics but also attracting the due attention of everyone like policymakers, industrial corporate, and economists alike. Understandably, there is a great deal of interest in learning about what has enabled China and India to grow so rapidly while many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America have languished during the same period.Their growth already started showing its effect on global resources and if it continues as is expected for next two dec ades, it will have major implications on the world economy and hence for other countries. Chinas economic reforms During his tenure as Chinas premier, Mao Zedong had encourage social movements such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution which had had as their bases ideologies such as serving the people and maintaining the class struggle.However, two years after Maos death in 1976, Chinese leaders were searching for a solution to serious economic problems produced by these movements which left hand China in a state where agriculture is stagnant, industrial production was low, and the peoples living standards had not increased in twenty years. communist Party leaders saw economic reform as a way to regain their and their partys moral virtue and prestige which was gnaw by the traumatic experience of the Cultural Revolution (Shirk, 1993). The initial reforms were not that radical in nature.The central government retained the dominant power in economic resource allocat ion and responsible local officials worked for the interest of the units under their control (Solinger, 1993). However, as time passed, some aspects of the old system were altered. In 1985, further reforms were introduced. The first part of Chinese economic reform involved implementing the household responsibility system in agriculture, by which farmers were able to retain surplus over individual plots of land rather than farming for the collective. Some commodities were freed from government controls so their prices could respond to market demand (Shirk, 1993).This allowed a great percentage of the populace to become involved in private enterprise and investment in family or group ventures. The conditions also allowed rural Chinese to leave the villages and become involved in industry in urban centers. The economy grew so quickly that pretentiousness occurred and the government had to reinstitute price controls. Chinas economy retains these characteristics of potential for growth and inflationto this day. Another important aspect of Chinese economic reform was the decision of China to join the world economy.Deng Xiaoping and his allies hoped to affect this 1979 resolution in two ways by expanding foreign trade, and by encouraging foreign companies to invest in Chinese enterprises. The Open Policy, which designated limited areas in China as places with discriminative conditions for foreign investment and bases for the development of exports (Nathan, 1990), was extremely successful in the areas where it was implemented. The implementation of the Open Policy was so successful that by 1988 the leaders of the CCP were encouraged to render a new program called the coastal development strategy. In this program, even more of the country was opened up to foreign investment-an area which, at the time, include nearly 200 million people. Moreover, by involving more overseas investors, importing both capital and raw materials, and exporting Chinas cheap excess labor po wer, the new policy was one of export-led growth or export-oriented industrialization. It was explicitly modeled on the experiences of Taiwan and the other Asian small dragons (Nathan, 1990). China took another step in the late 1990s and early 2000s, by the closing of unprofitable state-owned factories and the development of social security systems.

Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia

1. 0 Introduction This is a understand about the worldwide expansion activity of a firm in Asian region. The basic motive or aim of this study is to gain extra knowledge on international melody management through and throughout the discourse with the decision maker of that particular internationalized firm. Basic tout ensembley, all basic information obtained is generally come from the interviewee. Nevertheless, we had some help from the internet as well in conducting this study to enhance all the missing point that we might non consider during the interview.Next, from all information we obtain from any resources, we had d ane an synopsis on this internationalized firm, capital of Japan invent Shd. Bhd. The tools used in the analysis include SWOT analysis, CAGE framework and market intromission schema to conduct a serious analysis on all grammatical construction regarding the strength, weakness, luck, threat, cultural influences, political issue, geographical issue, econom ical issue, and entry room or strategy imply.During analysis by use the tools that book of factsed earlier, all(prenominal) tools will explain the issue in detail including the advantages or disadvantages, reason and etc, to attend reader to generate a complete understanding from all aspect much(prenominal) as strength of caller, weakness and etc. All explanation is based on facts and data obtained. Extract from analysis tools, we ar able to categorised the priority of this firm in this market or industry, able to identify the problem faced by this firm as well and determine the strategy to overcome the problems or obstacles along the path in international patronage.Next, we will conduct some recommendation for this particular high society by suggesting some ideas which argon able to improve caller operations and some idea to fix some of the problems that do to this companionship. Also, some personal opinion much(prenominal) as twin in some bank line strategy do ne by capital of Japan invent is listed in the recommendation part. Finally, we conduct a conclusion from overall data obtain by inserting brief justification base on analysis, suggestion and recommendation to finalize our case study. 2. 0 Company Background capital of Japan drift Shd.Bhd is small and medium enterprise which primary(prenominal)ly focus on exerciseing business. It is currently located at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. It is establish since the year 1985 according to our interviewee, Mrs. Lim Siew Lee. Mrs. Lim Siew Lee is one of the present owner of this federation. She is the wife of the owner of this company and she had worked in this company for 20 over years with her husband. Her main duty in this company are accounting, managing staff, financing and others documentations work task. Basically, capital of Japan hurl Shd. Bhd have clients from oversea including Thailand, Japan and U.K which Japan is the main customer. Japan is the first country capital of Japan cou ch attack payable to the introduction from others business partner. The first deal was made with Japan after the inspection of capital of Japan mock ups product timbre by a Japan representative which came to Malaysia to examine not exclusively the product quality but as well as the whole operation milieu indeed. Fitting all the requirement of Japan is the main reason of the success of capital of Japan figure out to enter the Japan Market. Exporting is the entry mode for capital of Japan Mould to internalized the business.The reason for using such entry mode is because this company had experienced failure by forming say venture with others before. It was 10 years past from present that this company is actually form a correlative venture with LEE HENG Mould Sdn. Bhd. Back then, business was corrupted out-of-pocket to economic crisis and forming joint venture doesnt seems to have any help in overcome the problems. Instead, it is a burden when problems occur to the joint ven ture partner according to Mrs. Lim. Also, Tokyo waxy Mould Shd. Bhd is the previous company name before the business corrupt due to economic crisis.In present, Tokyo Mould is now strive to achieve the surpass function and create the best product quality and aim to refine business by establish own subsidiaries at external region in the future day. 3. 0 ANALYSIS (Tools) We have interviewed one of the decision makers of Tokyo Mould Sdn Bhd and discovered issues faced by the company. From there, we did a few analyses to help overcome those issues that the company is encountering. Firstly, we started off with the SWOT analysis. 3. 1 SWOT STRENGTHS- nearly affordable and reasonable price- using U.S horse currency for business effect experienced (20 years) WEAKNESSES- brand not famously well-known in the impertinent country- manufacture imperfect pattern (loses money)- late wages by the debtor OPPORTUNITIES- capable for worldwide expansion- growing future revenue THREATS- comp etitors (product volatility, competitive prices)- economy crisis 3. 1. 1 STRENGTHS Tokyo Mould offers the most affordable and reasonable price matchd to other companies from the resembling industry.The price factor enables Tokyo Mould to compete with other competitors in the market. Not only that, this advantage leads to customer preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Many business arrangings aim is to ensure that the profit of the product is more than the cost of the manufacture. Plus, every business transaction that Tokyo Mould deals with the international company is using U. S dollar currency. According The Star Online, 1 U. S Dollar is equivalent to RM3. 1590. (The Star Online, Retrieved 4th November 2011 from Exchange Rate) Website http//biz. thestar. com. y/business/exchange. asp. It is an advantage for Tokyo Mould because by using U. S Dollar, it is easier to standardize its mould cavity and their values. Not for acheting, one of their strengths of Tokyo Mould is their expertise in this business. Tokyo Mould has been ravel in the market for 20 years now. This clearly shows that they are experienced and professional in their business line. 3. 1. 2 WEAKNESSES Even though Tokyo Mould has been in the market for 20 years but its name is not widely known by the public especially in the outside country. This is due to the existing company from the same business line.Most probably is because of the poor marketing strategy by Tokyo Mould. They mainly focus on the on-going process and try to maintain their loyal customers. Another one of their weaknesses is that the defect product caused by the worker. Sometimes during the border process, the outcome of the pattern is not perfect as its design. Therefore, the product assnot be used and been rejected. This cause loses of money to the company. Most difficult part of this business is the late payment by the debtor. Tokyo Mould has to tolerate to the policies and procedure of the debt or.There are companies which apply to the finance policies and procedures of payment after 45 to 180 days depending of the total amount of the product purchased. 3. 1. 3 OPPORTUNITIES By doing this business, it has a great opportunity for Tokyo Mould to embroider its business globally. Tokyo Moulds business has gradually growing and earning profit as the years goes. Many international companies prefer to import products from Asia countries because of lower cost expenditure. Tokyo Mould is capable to fit in the criteria as they have full equipment and labor force to conduct the business.In conjunction with Tokyo Moulds objective to gain more profit, fame and resources, going global gives a great opportunity for growing future revenue to expand its company globally. 3. 1. 4 THREATS Most threatening factor that Tokyo Mould is facing frequently is the competitor from the same company such as Sony and Broubybrown. Competitors produce more advanced and creative products seasonally. Not f or arriveting, competitive prices by the competitors. It is difficult for Tokyo Mould to decide on the best price to compete with others. Plus, the condition of the economy is unpredictable.Tokyo Mould has encountered economic crisis in the year 1990. That causes them a down fall but fortunately due to the economy stable come back, they are doing fairly well now. 3. 2 CAGE distance framework. CULTURE- Fulfill promises- Prefer things bond done on time- Tokyo Mould priorities customers need ADMINISTRATIVE- management policy not affected- minimal tax charges GEOGRAPHICAL- prefect courier services so far- forgivable delay if occurs ECONOMIC- using U. S dollar currency- economic crisis- loses money due to defect 3. 2. 1 CULTUREThe Japanese customers are quite fussy in making deal. However, it is a good thing for two parties. The Japanese want their products to get done on time and do not give in to any delay and defects of the products. By this culture, the Japanese managed to get the ir things done in time whereas Tokyo Mould can proceed with other deals. Plus, Tokyo Mould priorities their customer and always try their best to commit customer needs. Tokyo Mould is towards allocentric. Tokyo Mould concerned with the interests of others instead of ones own. 3. 2. 2 ADMINISTRATIVEFor administrative issue, it does not affect the international business in terms of company policy as well as political issue or government invention. Basically, company policy do not affect business in overseas as its only affect municipal region. Company policy of Tokyo Mould mainly focuses on employee lading in aspect of work efficiency and personal attitude. All rules are generally alike with every small-medium enterprise as there will not much affect oversees business. As mention, Tokyo Mould chooses exportation as entry mode but not establish subsidiary in foreign region.Therefore, company policy doesnt affect much is because there is no foreign employee exist which they might no t familiar with company policy as apiece company policy different from another especially in different country. As for political issue or government intervention, it is again because of the entry mode is exporting. There are only a few tax might charge along with transportation fee. Otherwise, there is not much issue occur according to our interviewee. 3. 2. 3 GEOGRAPHICAL For Tokyo Mould, there is not much geographical issue to be concern or causes issue in business operation according to Mrs.Lim. In fact, she mentioned that she was very please and satisfies with current courier services. The basic exporting method is by using courier services such as FedEx Malaysia. From information obtain, there is seldom mis induce happen before till present day. Only some small matter such as delay which is forgivable as its mostly causes by unexpected incident such as weather. Generally, geographical issue doesnt cause much trouble to Tokyo Mould is because Tokyo Mould does not have any subs idiary or forming any joint venture with foreign region.It is believe that only having subsidiary or joint venture with foreign country will cause troubles such as information delay due to high consort of geographical area, transportation issue or delay in recovering data when a subsidiary incur a error of system with all information erased. 3. 2. 4 ECONOMIC Basically, Tokyo Mould uses U. S dollar currency for every business transaction. Tokyo Mould does not have problem with that as it they consider it as one of the advantage to earn more. However there is one threatening issue is the economy crisis.They have once experienced it and this situation is barely avoidable. It is part of business risk. 3. 3 STRATEGIES One of Tokyo Mould strategies for global expansion is by exporting. They started off with Japan and then followed by the U. K and Thailand. They use courier express such as DHL. So far their record is good and hardly any complaint is filed against the product and services of the end molding products. Tokyo Mould is more to direct exports where direct marketing and marketing to the client is practiced. Tokyo Mould would not consider joint venture at this moment due to history.They have joined venture with LEE HENG Sdn Bhd that focuses on plastic, injection and molding but alas their business failed due to economic crisis. They lose a huge amount of money and forced to shut down the company. It was a crucial time for the Tokyo Mould owner. shortly they are not planning to have subsidiaries in international company because they have insufficient financial aid to set up their company in those respective countries that is dealing with right now. Maybe in the future, Tokyo Mould would consider this strategy once the Penang Company is really stabilized in domestic market.The co-owner, Ms Lim Siew Lee advised us that networking is the key in doing business internationally. This is so because the help of other big company has help SME Company deal Tokyo Mou ld to experienced a line up to deal with international client. Furthermore, we are advised to be humble when doing business and assert our words with the clients. 4. 0 Recommendation (Analysis) After the SWOT and CAGE framework analysis, in my perspective, there are some plans should be implemented by Tokyo Mould Sdn. Bhd. Firstly, Tokyo Mould an be consider is a very successful although this company does not have a very proficient business website, as Mrs. Lim told us, the most of the customers are introduced by others bigger company or business partner. Business website can be said have the potential for reaching a wider audience, regarding this, Tokyo Mould should upgrade their internet site about own company business, With a more proficient internet site, the product or service is complaisant easily, the loyal customers or potential customers can 24 hours a day, 7 days a week update the Tokyo Mould latest information.These can convenience communications between Tokyo Mould an d its customers in order to build a better business relationship around the world. Besides that, the theme of the company can be enlarge, gained competitive advantages and can save a lot of money in communication and administrative cost through creating a quality business website. Secondly, after they start up the business, Tokyo Mould already entered their business in certain overseas countries such as Tokyo, Thailand and overly UK, we can see the financial for this company can be consider stable.As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, the prices they offered enable Tokyo Mould to compete with other competitors in the global market and this advantage leads to customers preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Hence, Tokyo Mould can expand their business to other foreign country such as Indonesia, China and so on. Since the reason made Tokyo Mould move to international expansion is to gain more profit, fame and resources in the future, the company should take this act ion in their consideration in order to achieve to goals.Thirdly, from before till present day, Tokyo Mould only used exporting through courier express as their entry mode to enter international market. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, this is because previously they tried joint venture with other similar company and it doesnt work so well. In my perspective, Tokyo Mould should try again joint venture with company that located in foreign countries, joint ventures ofttimes relate to the whole enterprise and could be the viable option to grow Tokyo Mould business without sacrificing what they have already construct instead of a company may have less instruction when exporting their product into a foreign market.However, although joint venture more control is exerted, but the level of risk is also higher compared with through exporting. Last but not least, since the economic crisis issues if one the problem that Tokyo Mould often worrying, the company should control very well in their fin ance situation and cash flow in order to faced this kind of problem. As a conclusion, these are the suggestion and recommendation we can provide to Tokyo Mould Company after the interview analysis which is to create a more quality business website, expand business to more foreign country and also try to build joint venture with other foreign or local anesthetic company. . 0 Conclusion As a conclusion, Tokyo Mould is a quite successful company in Moulding industry. Since the performance of the company keep growing in these few years, the company has the potential to become a bigger company in order to gain more profit, fame, and resources and also nail down to compete with their competitors. However, we discovered that are some challenge and obstacles encountered by Mrs. Lim such as economic crisis, Mould dimension defect and also competitors in running the company that are related with boots up the company performance.Besides that, networking is very important for Tokyo Mould as it is the tools to gain more international business regarding to its company performance. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, networking, humble, keep the words is the key focus in doing business internationally, with the help of the business partner, Tokyo Mould only will have the chance to deal with international client and also expand the business globally.Moreover, every company have their strengths to cover up its company weaknesses, hence, Tokyo Mould must maintain its company strengths to conceal its company weaknesses, also keep seeking for the incoming opportunity to growth up their business and be sensible of the uncertainty threats that will affect to their company business. By the way, when Tokyo Mould entered in international business, culture, administrative, geographical and economic issues should always in their mind to ensure no misunderstanding, misleading and miscommunication while making business with overseas clients especially Japan clients.Last, like I mention in reco mmendation, in order to get a better company performance, the company can create better quality of business website, try to joint venture with other company, and also expand the business to more overseas country. However, there is definitely barriers will incur when wider the business, the company can try to figure out the problem by using suitable strategy in order to overcome such barriers. 6. 0 References 1. (Banking, 2011) Banking, M. (2011). Exchange Rate. Retrieved November 08, 2011, from The Star Online http//biz. thestar. com. my/business/exchange. sp 2. (Contact Tokyo Mould Industries, 2002) Contact Tokyo Mould Industries. (2002, March). Retrieved November 2011, from Tokyo Mould Industries http//tokyolow. asiaep. com/contact. htm 7. 0 Appendices 7. 1 Verbatim Chris Good morning madam Mrs.. Lim Good morning Chris Can you please introduce yourself? Mrs. Lim Ok, my name is Lim Siew Lee, Im one of the owner of this company, Im 47. Im also the wife of the company. Chris Can you briefly tell us that what is your education accent and your working experience in this particular company? Mrs.Lim Well, my education background is only Form 5, I had worked in this company for 20 over years. My main duty in this company is accounting, managing staff, financing and also some documentation. Chris Can you briefly tell me your company background? Mrs. Lim Ok, as you know, my company is Tokyo Mould Shd Bhd. Our company mainly focus on Moulding business. We have clients from overseas like Thailand, Japan and U. K. We had established this company around 20 over years. 10 years back, our company name is Tokyo Plastic Mould Shd Bhd, that time we joint venture with LEE HENG Mould Sdn Bhd, the previously company ainly focus on plastic, injection and Moulding, but during the economic crisis time, we faced some financial problem and forced to shut down the company. After few years, we start up a brand new Mould company which is the current company. Chris Ok, can you t ell me which country is your company first internationalize? Mrs. Lim Well, Japan is the first company we internationalize, because we get to know the first Japanese client from other business partner. After the Japanese client come to observe our product and service, they deal the first Moulding business with us and so on.Chris So what is the reason had made your company move to first international expansion? Mrs. Lim Because we want to gain more profit, fame and resources and our company now located at Penang, there are so many competitors existing like Sony, Broubybrown and so on. Chris Which entry mode did your company use to expand internationally? What I mean is through something like exporting? Joint venture? Subsidiary? Or else? Mrs. Lim Well, we only use export as our entry mode. This because previously we tried joint venture with other company, but it seem doesnt work so well.So now we only export our Mould through courier express. Chris Is there any advantages or di sadvantages by using export as your entry mode? Mrs. Lim For the advantages, can say all of our business transaction currency is using U. S dollar, this is easier to standardize our Mould cavity and their values. For the disadvantages, can say is the duration of receiving payment is longer than the local transaction. Like for example, the duration of receiving payment will normally up to 180 days. Chris Besides that, to which country your company export too? Mrs. Lim As I mention earlier, we also export our Mould to Thailand and U.K too. Chris Ok, when you expand your business globally, what is the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and also threats of your company in foreign market?. Mrs. Lim Well, for the strengths, I can said that our Mould are more cheap compare with other bigger company. For weaknesses, I can said that our company popularity is not high as other bigger company, so sometime the foreigner not even know our company name. for the opportunities, I think our com pany might have chance to be like other bigger company someday, since this company business is keep growing.Threats, there are some larger company sometime will lower the market price and this will effect to our selling price as well as our profit. Chris Is there any cultural or political issue will effect to your business when exporting Mould to foreign market? Mrs. Lim Ya , sure, like cultural, the Japanese client prefer we can produce Mould to them on time. They might be unhappy if we delay our exporting our Mould to them. For the political issue, not much actually, there is no extra taxes as well. Chris is there any geographical and economic issues will effect to your business globally?Mrs. Lim Well, so far no. we very please with the courier express service, there is no any mistakes happen before. For economic, as I mention earlier, the U. S currency is actually give advantages for me to earn more. Chris Ok, is the any other problems or challenges that might effect to your business globalize? Mrs. Lim So far as I mention earlier, the competitors might be the big problems that we faced. Economic crisis also is one of the issue that we always worrying, this is because we faced this kind of experience previously and the company forced to shut down eventually.There is also sometime the Mould dimension might defect and cannot be use, so we have to redo the Mould, this will increase our cost and reduce our profit. Chris Last, do you have any suggestion in doing global business or any extra information which like to appoint with us? Mrs. Lim I can said networking is the key in doing business internationally, because the help of other big company, our SME company only will have the chance to deal with international client. Besides, we also must be humble when doing business and keep our words with our client. Thats all. 7. 2 Photo Gallery

Athlete Classification

Athletes the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly As a casual reader of the playfulnesss section of this newspaper, you come across many articles depicting the triumphs of local supporters. However, very(prenominal) seldom do these articles describe the actual athlete behind the success. Athletes come in on the whole sorts of sizes and shapes. They range from the improbably talented to the horribly uncoordinated. Some ar big police squadmates while others would traitorher be a matchless man police squad. Certain athletes protrudek out attention from the pot around them while others atomic number 18 low-down and stay in the background.The fact of the matter is that there is a wide spectrum of different types of athletes that exist in this world and no two athletes are exactly the same. However, each open fire be put into hotshot of nine general categories that they best fit. General Paton the athlete who stands out as the captain of the group by helping their fellow squad up mates and managing their team. They are a well-rounded athlete, fairly skilled at their sport, save more than all-important(prenominal)ly excellent at inspiring their team to perform to the best of their ability. This athlete is the backbone of the team and without them chaos could quite easily break out.The other athletes look up to this leader and follow their orders. When your team is losing, the leader is the one who gets everyone together and says things the wants of We can still win this and Dont hurl up yet, were still in this one. You can expect to see these athletes to do great things in their sports careers and in their regular lives. Effort King/Queen the athlete who is sleep togethern for doing everything they can to mend their game, from staying after reading to do extra to going to the gym every day before practice to workout. They are extremely motivated, determined and dedicated to what they do.These athletes are the ones that coaches very much want to be on their team. These players are known for being highly beneficial not only to the teams success, but also to the other players around them. They set a great example for others around them and can go out a lasting mark on people. They whitethorn be referred to as a gym rat, but administer overt think thatd a bad thing because when it comes to game time, turn int be surprised if they outperform the opposing teams star player. The Natural the athlete who was disposed the gift of natural athleticism. They are known as the MVP of their team.Most much, they are three sport athletes who do pretty well in each. They dont have to work as wakeless as others to be able to have relative success as they are often by nature strong and talented. many another(prenominal) other people loathe these athletes because they have all the tools they fill to succeed. There is no guarantee that these athletes will be good teammates or have good work ethic, but coaches can be assured that these people are a great place to build upon and make a team around. The Anti-athlete the athlete who was not given much natural ability. They are weak, uncoordinated, and clumsy.They can get by playing some sports, but they have limited options as most sports require decent athletes at a com dearieitive level. They are the benchwarmer of teams, the weak link in the chain. Other athletes get easily thwarted with these players when they make mistakes even though it may not be entirely their fault. Although their athletic output may not be as high as some would like, no one can skepticism their effort and dedication. They play sports not because they are good at them, but because they truly love them, and in some cases, that can bring someone further than natural talent. Timmy/Tina Tries Too Much the athlete who overworks and goes beyond whats necessary in unimportant situations. Everyone has seen at least one of this type of person before, whether they know it or not. The most common place to find these types of people is in gym class. They are the ones that you see coming to every class and correcting as hard as they can to win. Many people dont like these people too much because they exert themselves in unnecessary situations. Many times, these people develop a poor reputation as a try hard among their friends.They may not be the most talented person there, but you can always count on seeing them breaking a sweat. Sammy/Susie Suck up the athlete who does everything they can to suck up to their coach. They try to get all the brownie points they can in hopes of getting more playing time. They follow all directions given by their coach, they help out whenever possible, and they give full effort when the coach is looking. They are very similar to a teachers pet that you would most commonly find in basal school. Much like the other students find these eachers pets to be annoying, a coachs pets teammates often think that these people are annoying and not fun to be around. The crack the athlete who is overly aggressive when playing sports. They are known to push other players around and often get in trouble with the ref. Also, they are a coachs nightmare as they are hard to control. The athletes arent always good to have on a team because they give the team a bad reputation and make it seem as though everyone on the team plays like they do. Also, they are much more prone to being benched and as a consequence, letting the rest of the team down.Many times, other athletes dont like participating with people like this because these aggressive people take the fun out of competition. .The Crowd Pleaser the athlete who likes to generate off in front of their fans. They wear the audacious equipment, they perform the crazy stunts, and they are the cocky personality in the locker room. To give you a catch picture of this kind of athlete, just imagine the player that has the best gear, the flashiest jersey, performs the coolest moves, and seems to put on a s how for their fans.It isnt uncommon for their teammates to call them a show boat right to their face. But that doesnt cede them from doing what they do best because they thrive on the attention. Garbage Can the athlete who throws away their athletic abilities and coasts. They are lazy, unmotivated, and not dedicated at all. They may be one of the best athletes around but they dont apply their abilities. Everyone knows at least one person who completely wastes the natural talent that was given to them.Its a shame to see these athletes waste talent when there are other athletes with easily less talent who work twice as hard. Many people dont like these athletes because they take their abilities for granted and dont realize that half of the battle towards being successful in a sport has already been fought for them. All they need to do is put in just the slightest splintering of effort and they will start to see considerable success. In most cases, these athletes are looked down on by others and carry a negative connotation with them everywhere they go.There is a lot more to a teams success than just the wins. The players involved are what really define a team and they ultimately determine how successful a team can be. You dont always need a team full of superstars to win. This is where many sports coaches go wrong. They think they can build a financial support caliber team from a bunch of players that would rather prove they are good than their team. Its important to remember that it takes the right combination of these nine types of athletes to make the perfect team.

How to Get Motivated Essay

Motivation is literally the desire to do things. Its the difference between waking up before dawn to pound the pavement and lazing around the signal all day. Its the crucial element in setting and attaining goalsand seek shows you eject influence your protest levels of motivation and self-control. So figure out what you inadequacy, power through the pain period, and start being who you want to be.5 Keys to Unlock Your Creative MotivationMotivation is a a good deal more complex puzzle out than sightly wanting to do something. When youre working on a yeasty project and the passing game gets tough, if youre not motivated enough, youll quit. And it always gets tough, whether youre a novelist, artist, musician, or even a productive entrepreneur. In my own research with highly experienced writers, I found that motivators are often set about for best effect. here, then, are 5 ways to raise your motivation level1. Increase the contest of your project. prove something youve nev er done before. When I interviewed bestselling novelist Diana Gabaldon, she told me that she once gave herself the challenge of writing a triple-nested flashback. For many of us, concocting an ordinary flashback is challenge enough, merely those are a snap for her.2. Change your creative method for the stimulation of a clean approach. If you typically write with an outline, try not to. Or begin writing without an finish in mind. If you never write with a plan, see what happens if you plan ahead. Even if it doesnt work, youll learn something. Heres Wells Tower, author of a volume of short stories, Everything Ravaged Everything Burned I can never coldly write a business relationship it doesnt work. Ive tried it where I have an outline, and Ill think this is going to be so easy, but when I sit down of programme its not. You have to get into a state of autohypnosis and let the story be what it wants to be.3. Create from a different point of view.Do you always write in first-person? Do you never write in first-person point of view? Try the opposite. Or create something artistic from the point of view of the bicycle, or the car, or the dog or cat, or the new immigrant or the alien from outer space.4. Look deeper to find your indwelling motivation.Heres how poet Ralph Angel put it As much as I hate to grant it, Ive learned in recent years that writing, even more than some of the most master(prenominal) relationships in my life, is where I am most in touch with myself, and, worst case scenario, people I love die and my life goes on. But if anything withalk me away from the work, I would be separated somehow from myself.5. bury about the goal and find the fun.This is the most crucial key to entering flow. Put all vista of audience aside for the time being and find something pleasurable about what youre trying to create. If its not fun, figure out why not and make it more engaging for yourself. Theres nothing trivial about fun, as Ive found in my talks with g reat creative individuals. Its one of the many motivators that bring them back to the work they do, day in and day out. The 3 Biggest Myths About Motivation That Wont Go AwayJust Write Down Your Goals, and achiever is Guaranteed There is a story that motivational speakers/authors love to tell about the Yale Class of 1953.Researchers, so the story goes, asked graduating Yale seniors if they had specific goals they wanted to achieve in the future that they had written down. Twenty years later, the researchers found that the guileless 3% of students who had specific, written goals were wealthier than the other 97% combined. Isnt that amazing? It would be if it were true, which it isnt. I wish it were that simple. To be fair, there is evidence that getting specific about what you want to achieve is really important. (Not a guaranteed passage to fabulous wealth, but still important.) In other words, specificity is necessary, but its not nearly sufficient. indite goals down is actuall y neither it cant hurt, but theres also no hard evidence that writing per se does anything to help. Just Try to Do Your BestTelling someone, or yourself, to just do your best is believed to be a great motivator. It isnt. Theoretically, it encourages without putting on too much pressure. In reality, and rather ironically, it is more-or-less permission to be mediocre. Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, two renown organizational psychologists, have spent some(prenominal) decades studying the difference between do your best goals and their antithesis specific and difficult goals. Evidence from more than 1,000 studies conducted by researchers across the globe shows that goals that not only spell out exactly what needs to be accomplished, but that also set the bar for achievement high, result in far superior performance than hardly trying to do your best. Thats because more difficult goals cause you to, often unconsciously, increase your effort, focus and lading to the goal, persist longer, and make better use of the most effective strategies. Just Visualize SuccessAdvocates of arbitrary intellection are particularly fond of this piece of advice. But visualizing mastery, particularly effortless success, is not just unhelpful its a great way to set yourself up for failure. Few motivational gurus consider that theres an awfully big difference between believing you provide succeed, and believing you will succeed easily. Realistic optimists believe they will succeed, but also believe they have to make success happen through things like effort, careful planning, persistence, and choosing the right strategies. They dont shy away from thinking negative thoughts, like what obstacles will I face? and how will I deal with them? Unrealistic optimists, on the other hand, believe that success will happen to them, if they do lots and lots of visualizing. Recent research shows that this actually (and once again, ironically) serves to drain the very energy we need to reach our goals. People who spend too much time fantasizing about the wonderful future that awaits them dont have enough particle accelerator left in the tank to actually get there.

Explore Blake’s Chimney Sweeper poems from the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience Essay

In this essay I am going to explore Blakes Chimney s squaller songs from the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience. During this essay I will cover Blakes breeding and meters and the way lamp chimney sweepers get treated around that magazine and what Blake attempts to do approximately it.Blake was born on November 28 in the year 1757. His parents where strict provided understanding. Blakes parents realised early in his bearing story that Blake was gifted. He had an super active imagination and he of go got visions. At only quartette years old he claimed he had seen divinity in one of these visions. Another time when he was with one of his friends he envisaged backers plectron a tree. He horridly told his family what he saw but the response he got from his father was kinda negative. His father threatened to whip him because he believed it was time for him to grow up. However his come took Blakes post and when she asked him about it he stated that the angels took the form of his thoughts. This vision was stuck with him and was essentially influential in his life.Blake obviously had a gift for seeing things with his eyes and in his imagination. He used his artwork to express his experiences. When Blake turned ten years of age his parents decided to enrol him into a drawing school. Later on in his life Blake used his talent as an artist to become a apprentice engraver.Throughout Blakes life he had a disthe likes of for nasty, unfair people especially towards those that had power and capital like those in the organisation, and those that where associated with the church. Blake also could not stand power abusers and bad unfair treatment towards the silly, sonlike and elderly.In the time of William Blake chimney sweepers went through a torrid time, it was as if they where young slaves. The age of the infants varied between fin years old to the age of eight or nine if they could be fit up the chimneys. They where a great deal bought of f parents for as belittled a 2, in some cases however they may be purchased for 5 but it is still a despicable price to pay for a young child. In the extreme cases the chimney sweepers where stole from familys. When the sweeps had lost the use around the age of s still they get passed over to the church.Blake hate the serious health problems the sweeps got from this demanding life of threatening work. Most sweeps after only a short time of working in the chimneys end up with twisted kneecaps, ankles and even spines from crawling up the extremely secure chimneys. There was even such a thing as chimney sweeps pratcer which they got from the surface peevish there skin.Again we toilet see why Blake hates the idea of chimney sweepers and there treatment, they are strained to do inhumane things that even animals would never be told to do. The master sweeps imbedded fear into the young brains and subjected them to clean chimneys. They where make to live in the most inhabitable of c onditions. They often slept on soot bags in dirty rigid cellars. The sweeps where forced to clean the chimneys if they refused or could not fit up the chimneys they where punished by the fire creation lit, slaps, prodding with poles and various other instruments and pricking of the bottoms of their feet. All this just so the master sweep can make an easy living from the poor misfortune of innocent children. Blake strongly disagreed with the treatment of the sweeps so oftentimes he wrote two beautiful poesys about their treatment, these featured in two separate books, Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.The original chimney sweeper poem is from the Songs of Innocence, Blake shows a strong message through his poems, and they sometimes come crosswise light hearted like nursery rhymes. But often, if not all the time they bugger off a grimy sinister meaning.This is the beginning of Chimney sweeper 1 and straight away Blake invites the reader to feel benevolence for the sit uation the family is in. It shows how poor the family is, it gets so bad the father has to sell his child to get some money to keep the rest of the family going. This reflects on the state of working class people of that time.When my mother died I was genuinely young,And my father sold me while yet my tongue.The boy is sold so young that it has not even developed the ability to speak properly in the poem he Could scarcely cry weep weep weep weep The boy could be crying in this line of achievement or he could be trying to say the word sweep but is unable because of his age. This is clever by Blake because the passage has a double meaning this carries on throughout the poem. The military force of the primary stanza is to bring the reader into emplacement of what lengths of desperation the families go to, to earn a small amount of money.In the second stanza the audience is introduced to tom turkey Dacre, his hair is shaved off and gobbler is very upset about this. Blake feels ver y strongly about the dehumanisation of people and shows this in his poems.Blake compares Tom to a lamb because a lamb is innocent like the chimney sweeps and is also a form of sacrificial animal so it is showing there unfitness to have there get personality and independence.Theres little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head,That curld like a lambs back, was shavdThe final part of this stanza represents the pureness of Tom Dacre. The soot represents the master sweeps trying to make him impure but the white hair represents how innocent Tom is. The effect of this stanza is to bring across the innocents of the sweeps to the audience.Hush, Tom Never mind it, for when your heads bare,You know the soot cannot spoil your white hair.The third base stanza is when Tom has a dream in his dream he has visions of thousands of dead sweeps. The coffins of black represent a enclosed environment with dead sweeps covered in black soot. Blake involves the fact that thousands of chimney sweepers died to once again show the audience what really goes on.That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, & Jack,Were all of them lockd up in coffins of black.In Stanza four Tom Dacre is still in his dream and an Angel comes to set him wanton, this represents the chimney sweeps beingness liberated from their life of peril.And by came an Angel who had a bright key,And he opend the coffins & set them all freeThen Blake goes on in the conclusion of this stanza to contrast there life when they are trapped being made to go up chimneys, to being let to run free and be there own boss. It is everything they can not do when working as a chimney sweeper. Blake mentions that they wash in the river, this symbolises that they have left that dark past behind them and are moving on. This stanza has a light hearted mood and shows everything that the chimney sweepers can not have.In the fifth stanza Blake brings his feelings about the church through. The unfairness and manipulative abilities the church is sho wn in this stanza.And the Angel told Tom, if hed be a good boy,Hed have God for his father, & never want joy.This means basically that if you do not sin you get to go to heaven. The angel represents the heartless church who manipulate through fear. This is what Blake is strongly against.In the final stanza of the first poem the boys go back to work after Tom wakes and have to work in poor conditions.And so Tom awoke and we rose in the dark,And got with our bags & our brushes to work.In the end of the last stanza Blake makes it seems as if it has finished on a risque note, however Blake doesnt believe in this naive belief.So if they do all their duty, they need not fear harm.That was the first of the two chimney sweeper poems, throughout this poem Blake says one thing but if you look deeper into it, it has a much deeper sinister meaning.The second chimney sweeper poem is from the Songs of Experience this poem has a different angle that the first poem.Stanza one, The Chimney Sweeper 2 begins like thisA little black thing among the snow,Crying weep weep in notes of woeWhere are thy father & mother? SayThey are both at rest(p) up to church to pray.Blake represents the chimney sweeper in the first part, concern it A little black thing among the snow, To Blake the black represents the sweep all dirty and tainted. And calling it a thing dehumanizes the sweep. Blake wrote, A little black thing among the snow because the chimney sweeper is tainting monastic order which is the white snow. Blake uses the same words from The Chimney Sweeper 1, in this poem for the same effect, to show the young boy upset, confused. Crying weep weepAt this point in the poem the audience can not tell who is speaking. I believe it is the poor people they are represented as chimney sweepers. The chimney sweeper is lost in society, represented by the snow. The judicature which is represented by the chimney sweepers parents is ignorant to reality. Blake has used the situation in the poem t o express his feelings about governance of that time.Because I was happy upon the heath.And smild among the winters snow,The boy in the second poem has had more experience chimney sweeping and has come to terms that there is nothing he can do about it. He puts on a brave face and gets on with it, when compared to Tom Dacre in Chimney Sweeper 1 he doesnt have the naivety that Tom had. Once again I think Blake had another(prenominal) meaning that poor people represented as the chimney sweep are happy and they pull a face in society.They clothd me in the clothes of death,And taught me to sing the notes of woe.The parents of the chimney sweeper in this poem clothed there son and sentenced him to death when they decided to sell him to a master sweep. They made the boy cry when he had to leave and now he is alone and knows it. I think that Blake had another deeper meaning. I think the chimney sweeper represented poor people, they got clothed in the clothes of death by the chimney sweepe rs parents represented as the government.In the final stanza Blake goes on the attack at the church and the government he does this by provoking anger towards them through the unfairness of it all.And because I am happy & trip the light fantastic and sing,They think they have done me no injury,In these lines Blake is how the chimney sweeper feels after his ordeal, putting on the front everything is ok when it is not. Going deeper into what Blake is trying to bring across is representation that the chimney sweep is the poor people again.The final two lines Blake attacks the church and the government, the chimney sweep is wise and is experienced and realises that the church and government exploit the poor so that they can make their own heaven out of the money from the society.And we gone to praise God & his Priest and King,Who make up a heaven of our misery

Why is Human Memory Subject to Error?

Human w arehousing is subject to error because human memory Is washy Just Like many things In nature. The way we perceive things are not always accurate. retention is not like a movie camera it is reconstructive. According to Wade & Travis (2012), Because memory is reconstructive, it is subject to conferenceconfusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never very happened (p. 266). In essence infatuation is hearing a baloney or an event and believing that story or event is your story or event.Memories that have been affected by confabulation can olfactory modality real even though the memories are false. Memories can be subjected to error because sometimes our memories piece in concert many parts and merge them all into one memory which is known as source misinformation. What aptitude square off human memory? Memories can be influenced by many factors to Include but not limited to the power of suggestion, stress/anxiety, judgment Injuries, mental Illness, and traumatic events. Those are a few of the influences I believe affect human memory.Human memory can be influenced by people we trust each directly or indirectly telling the subject that something happened when it did not actually happen. When we are affected by high stress or anxiety we may not correctly remember details. When the human brain has an Injury or is affected by mental Illness memories can be Influenced by inappropriate thought processes. Traumatic events can Influence human memory by altering a subjects memory as a form of self-preservation. Through my personal experiences I have seen many of the above listed influence human memory.In light of the points that the Lofts article brings up, what kind of implications do the limitations of human memory have on eye-witness witness? I believe that some of the Implications of the limitation of human memory have on eye-witness testimony Is the unreliabilit y of human memory and human emotions. According to Abramson, memory experts such as Lofts have been proving that not lone(prenominal) Is memory unreliable, it can also be so utterly manipulated as to render it next-to- selves as glacial evidence in criminal cases.Memories that have been manipulated can provide incorrect testimony and without any foster evidence can wrongfully convict an innocent person. In closing I believe that memories are a snap shot of a moving picture which can be changed or modify as a subjects memory sees fit.

Past Semester Ais 280

occult AC/ kinsfolk 2011/AIS280/CAC230 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION cover COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME COMPUTERIZED ACCOUNTING/ COMPUTERISED ACCOUNTING AIS280/CAC230 SEPTEMBER 2011 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This incredulity piece of music consists of four (4) ranges weaken A (20 Questions) PART B (3 Questions) PART C (3 Questions) PART D (2 Questions) 2. Answer exclusively questions from all four (4) parts i) Answer PART A in the Objective Answer Sheet. ii) Answer PART B, C and D in the Answer Booklet. Start each(prenominal) manage on a new page. . Do not bring any material into the run room unless permission is given by the invigilator. 4. Please check to make sure that this examination read consists of i) the Question Paper ii) an Answer Booklet provided by the Faculty trio) an Objective Answer Sheet provided by the Faculty DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 14 printed pages Hak Cipta Univ ersiti Teknologi MARA occult CONFIDENTIAL 2 AC/SEP 2011/AIS280/CAC230 PART A This part consists of 20 multiple-choice questions.Choose the most suitable answer and shade the corresponding alphabet representing the answer in the Objective Answer sheet provided. 1. Which of the hobby statements about relative cell referencing is IN slide down? a. It changes mechanically when copying cell form from one(a) cell location to an separate location. b. It is usually denoted by this sign on = or+. c. It is useful since it saves our time from typing the same data or formula into different location. d. It layabout also occur when a cell is entered in a formula using the $ symbol. 2. Cell B1 and B2 shows a value of 20 and 30 respectively.What is the best formula to total the values in cell B3? a. =B20+B30. b. =B1+B2. c. =$B$1+$B$2. d. =B$20+B$30. 3. The formula =IF(OR( contour 1, condition 2, condition 3), YES, NO) impart give the result . YES if condition 1 and 2 be met. i. NO if condit ion 2 and 3 are met. ii. YES if all the conditions are met. v. NO if all the conditions are not met. a. b. c. , ii and iii i, iii and iv , iii and iv d. All of the above 4. In Excel the * symbol is considered as a a. Label b. Text c. Number d. Formula Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 3 AC/SEP 2011/AIS280/CAC230 . The following description relates to which type of logical function? It has only one condition to test If the condition is not met, the outcome is true and If the condition is met, the outcome is false a. AND function. b. OR function. c. NOT function. d. ROUND function. Questions 6 and 7 are found on descriptor 1 below A B c D L F G KARAMBUNAI TRADING ADJUSTED TRIAL brace AS AT 31 AUGUST 2011 Freehold worldly concern Motor Vehicles Accumulated disparagement Motor Vehicle sales read Administration Salaries Advertising Expenses Telephone lEIectricity leveragings Stationery Bank overdraftCapital Debtors Creditors Inventory Accrued Rent depreciation Motor Vehicles Closing Inventory Opening Inventory Doubtful debts Provision for Doubtful debts TRIAL chemical equilibrium Debit (RM) 400,000 600,000 253,600 240,000 96,000 59,600 18,600 340,000 22,400 15,200 30,000 2,075,400 Credit (RM) 240,000 832,000 142,000 760,000 101,400 2,075,400 ADJUSTED ENTRIES Debit Credit (RM) (RM) 72,000 (b) 1,200 (a) 28,300 (d) 30,000 (e) 1,200 (a) 72,000 (b) 28,300 (d) 30,000 (e) 760 (f) 760 (f) 132,260 132,260 H I ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE Debit (RM) 400,000 600,000 254,800 240,000 96,000 59,600 18,600 340,000 2,400 15,200 28,300 72,000 30,000 760 2,177,660 Credit (RM) 312,000 832,000 142,000 760,000 101,400 1,200 28,300 760 2,177,660 Figure 1 6. The following statements are correct about the data inserted in cell D10, EXCEPT a. it represents accrued rent for the period b. it will be transferred to the balance sheet down the stairs current asset c. it will be shown in cell H10 as an addition to the balance in cell B10 d. failure to take i nto account the amount will be resulted on overstating the net profit. 7. base on the Figure 1 above, what is the best formula for cell H6? a. =IF(0 Enter the eon range 1/01/2011 to 31/01/2011 - Click Display. c. Report - Accounts - Select traffic Journal from Index to Reports - Customize Enter the date range 01/01/2011 to 31/01/2011 - Click Display. d. Click the Accounts icon at the main Command centre, and click Transaction Journal. 15. spillage is used to generate report in various format such as PDF , telecommunicate and Fax. a. Print b. Send To c. Customize d. Close 16. Which option cannot be found in Banking Command concentrate on? a. Spend Money b. Receive Money c. Reconcile Accounts d. Bank Statement 17. Which of the following statements are CORRECT? . If the companys financial course starts on 1 September 2011 and ends on 31 August, 2012, its current financial year is 2012. ii. The report that enables you to view stock movements for each item is Item List (Summary), iii. The Banking Command Centre cannot be used to record money received for invoices created via Sales Command Centre, iv. An invoice can be changed to a quote or an order. a. i and iii. b. ii and iv. c. i, ii and iii. d. i, ii and iv. 18. In the event that a retrovert to customer is required in relation to the Credit Note issued, click the Pay Refund button at the . a. Bank Register. b.Sales Registers Returns and Debits anovulatory drug window. c. Sales Registers Returns and Credits Tab window. d. Settle Returns and Credits Tab window. Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 7 AC/SEP 2011/AIS280/CAC230 19. Which of the following account has the correct prefix number in MYOB? Account Name Account Number a. Inventory 2-4000 b. Owners Equity 8-0000 c. Bank Charges 6-5555 d Other Expenses 7-1000 20. The following options are available to build the accounts list in MYOB, EXCEPT a. start with one of the list provided by MYOB. b. import a list of accounts from th e companys accountant. . build own account from scratch. d. export from other companys account list. ( add together 20 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 8 AC/SEP 2011/AIS280/CAC230 PARTB Answer ALL questions. QUESTION 1 The following questions are based on Figure 4 below 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 23 SO 3 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 A B Reducinq counterpoise rule Machine Straiqht 1 WDR 1704 YEAR 20O6 2007 2008 200S 2010 2011 Line Method Motor Vehicles YEAR 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201 1 DEPRECIATION EXPENSES 26,297. 06 17,076. 59 11,089 07 ,200 94 4,676. 09 3,036. 52 SAB 2317 DEPRECIATION EXPENSES 1 5. 800. 00 5,800. 00 5,800 00 5. 800. 00 5,800. 00 5,800 00 C Asset Name Date of Purchase Purchase Cost (RM) Salvage Value (RM) Useful Life years ) D E ALIF HAIKAL BHD Schedule of Depreciation Machine 1 WDR 1704 01/01/2008 75,000. 00 1,000. 00 10 Methods of Depreciation Reducing Balance Method compile DEP RECIATION 26,297. 06 43,373. 65 54,462 72 61,663. 66 66,339. 75 69,376. 27 ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION 5,800. 00 11,600. 00 17,400. 00 23,20000 29,000. 00 34,800. 00 35% NET BOOK care for 48,702. 94 31,626. 35 20,537. 28 3,336. 34 8,660. 25 5,623. 73 NET BOOK VALUE 54,200. 00 48,400 00 42,600 00 36,800. 00 31,000. 00 25,200 00 F Motor Vehicles SAB 2317 12/02/2006 60,000. 00 2,000. 00 10 Straight Line Method a) b) c) Figure 4 List 2 (2) differences between the depreciation methods used by Alif Haikal Bhd? (2 marks) State the formula used in each of the following cells i. E11. ii. D19. iii. B32. (6 marks) Describe the steps to format the number in cells B32 through D37 to two (2) decimal places with the thousand separator. (2 marks) (Total 10 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIALCONFIDENTIAL 9 AC/SEP 2011/AIS280/CAC230 QUESTION 2 The following questions are based on Figure 5 below 1 1 . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 . 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0 31 3? , Ol i B -. .. . . , . . . C D THOMAS BIN JINIS CORPORATION BERHAD PROJECTED CASHFLOW STATEMENT Estimated Revenue adviseed Sales Less Estimated Expenses Other Fixed Cost Depreciation Variable Cost Total Expenses Projected Income beforehand Tax LessCorporation Tax (28%) Estimated Project Net Income Net interchange Flow Estimated Project Net Income Add Back Depreciation Total Cash Flow PAYBACK METHOD menses eat up OF YEAR 1 END OF YEAR 2 END OF YEAR 3 END OF YEAR 4 I.. . I Year 1 800,000. 0 130,000. 0 170,000. 0 200,000. 0 500,000. 0 300,000. 0 84,000. 0 216,000. 0 216,000. 0 170,000. 0 386,000. 0 ANNUAL CASH FLOW 386,000 415,664 410,538 418,170 E PROJECT NAME PROJECT COST Depreciation Rate Year 2 880,000. 0 140,000. 0 170,000. 0 228,800. 0 538,800. 0 341,200. 0 95,536. 0 245,664. 0 245,664. 0 170,000. 0 415,664. 0 ACCUMULATED CASHFLOWS 386,000 801,664 1,212,202 1,630,371 Year 3 896,000. 0 150,000. 0 170,000. 0 241,920. 0 561,920. 0 334,080. 0 93,542. 4 240,537. 6 240 ,537. 6 170,000. 410,537. 6 SELECTED PERIOD F XX-2011 850,000 20% Year4 944,000. 0 165,000. 0 170,000. 0 264,320. 0 599,320. 0 344,680. 0 96,510. 4 248,169. 6 248,169. 6 170,000. 0 418,169. 6 Figure 5 a) List the formula for each of the following cells C14. i. C17. ii. C21. v. C23. (6 marks) b) c) What does the symbol in cell E30 means? (2 marks) If the company expects a maximum vengeance period of 3 years, should the company accept the project? Explain your decision. (2 marks) (Total 10 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 10 AC/SEP 2011/AIS280/CAC230 QUESTION 3Question 3 is based on Figure 6 below 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1? 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2? 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 3S 36 3? a) A B CBDSDNBHD ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE AS AT 31 SEPTEMBER 2011 Land & Building Accum. Dep. Land & Buidling Furniture & Fittings Accum Dep . F Insurance .Advertising Rent Telephone Salaries Capital . Sales Bank Loan Cash in Hand Creditors Debtors Dep reciation Prepaid Rent Insurances Owing Cost of Good Sold Total DEBIT RM 288,000 180,000 25,400 26,000 10,000 1,480 2,000 4,200 500 18,000 12,000 1,600 19,840 589,020 CREDIT RM 72,000 46,000 259,300 26,240 58,000 22,280 5,200 589,020 WORKINGS TOTAL FIXED ASSETS (NBV) TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS TOTAL in operation(p) EXPENSES TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES CBD SDN BHD FINANCIAL RATIO REPORT AS AT 31 SEPTEMBER 2011 gainfulness RATIOS GROSS PROFIT RATIO NET LOSS RATIO EFFICIENCY RATIOS 350,000 24,300 76,880 27,480 84. 28% 23. 38% DEBTORS upset OPERATING EXPENSES RATIO LIQUIDITY RATIOS CURRENT ASSETS RATIOS ACID TEST RATIO 52 DAYS 60. 90% I 0. 8B TIMES LVALUE TIMES Figure 6 State the formula to calculate the amount in the following cells ii. iii. iv. B27. H12. H35. H22. b) What does the symbol VALUE n cell H37 mean? (8 marks) (2 marks) (Total 10 marks) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 11 AC/SEP 2011/AIS280/CAC230 PARTC Answer ALL questions. QUESTION 1 Question 1 i s based on Figure 7 below Sales New Item INVOICE Customer Shb to I Ship Backorder Salesperson Commen Ship Via Promsed Date i Re Invoice De jumal Mernc enal Source livery place fl Item Number . . .ill Description Terms Invoice tt Date Customer PO tt Price . Pisc% Subtotal Freight Tax Total Amount Paid Today Payment Method Balance Due Total fi? Tax Inclusive Job Tax J J