The Contributions of Immigrants to Singapore Essay Example for Free

The Contributions of Immigrants to Singapore Essay Singapore began to open itself up as a centre for entrepot trade. It began to import and export goods for different areas to different parts of the world. These immigrants also provided important support services such as workers in the dockyards, plantations, factories and some even provided daily necessities for traders all over the world. All these contributions of the immigrants helped to maintain Singapore as an attractive trading centre and kept it competitive. Without them, Singapore would not have grown so fast from a backwater island to a bustling island of trade and other commercial activities. Hence, the impact of the coming of the immigrants leading Singapore to a well-grown trading centre was the most important. However, besides the impact of growth of Singapore as a trading centre, there were other social impacts such as acts of philanthropy by rich businessmen. These businessmen from different ethnic groups saw the need to contribute to the well-being of the society and started kind acts such as building schools, hospitals and places of worship for their fellow countrymen. An example would be Tan Tock Seng. Such acts were important as they made lives of the immigrants more bearable and ensured that these immigrants were well taken care off so that they could continue to contribute to Singapore growth. All in all, the most important impact of the coming of the immigrants was the growth of Singapore as a trading centre as it is due to their hard work that Singapore could continue to grow and this would benefit everyone. As for the acts of the philanthropists, some of these acts were given to specific ethnic groups only, hence the impact is not as great as the first.

Health Teaching, Health Literacy and Reflection

Health Teaching, Health Literacy and Reflection Introduction Health Education empowers individuals and their families to make informed health decisions and achieve optimum health. Nurses can educate clients in various ways based on clients knowledge and learning needs. They can teach a diabetic child on insulin administration techniques; adolescents on sexual health; factory workers on back safety procedures and a young mother on contraception and breast feeding techniques (McEwen Pullis, 2009). The following essay is divided into three parts. The first part provides a definition and a brief discussion on health literacy. The second part demonstrates the key strategies to be used to advance the health literacy skills of clients with low health literacy skills. The final part gives a reflection of my learning experience on health literacy and how my knowledge can contribute to provide an effective nursing care in future practice that can empower clients to make informed health decisions. Health Literacy Health literacy can be defined as â€Å"The degree to which individuals can obtain, process, understand, and communicate about health-related information needed to make informed health decisions† (Berkman, Davis, McCormack, 2010, p.13). The Ministry of Health (2010) Ko ¯rero Marama Health Literacy and Maori report clearly indicates that the majority of individuals in the overall New Zealand population have low health literacy skills and among them Maori are a higher proportion than Non- Maori. Therefore, those individuals with low health literacy skills have a limited ability to access, obtain, read, understand and communicate health information (Berkman et al., 2011). This results in less knowledge to use preventative measures such as screening programs and vaccinations; limited knowledge about their illness, treatment and medications; more work related injuries; therefore, leading to increased emergency services, hospitalizations and healthcare costs (Nursing Review, 2012). Health literacy is beneficial to individuals and their families in various ways to achieve optimum health. One of the ways the health literacy is beneficial to the individuals is that, it enables them to access to health clinics; fill out medical forms; communicate with health providers; interpret labels and health messages; understand about medications and their administration appropriately (Ministry of Health, 2010). In addition to that, health literacy helps people to be aware of prevention strategies such as breast and cervical screening programs (â€Å"Health Literacy,† 2013). Furthermore, health literacy enables individuals to make better health choices and self-manage their chronic condition, thereby, decreasing hospitalizations and health care costs (Ministry of Health, 2010). Strategies for enhancing health literacy In order to improve health literacy of clients, registered nurses have to implement the following strategies. First of all, make sure that the environment is shame-free, respectful, caring and supportive where clients can interact openly and productively with healthcare providers (New Zealand Nurses Organisation (NZNO) College of Nurses Aotearoa, 2012). It is very important to assess the clients level of knowledge to find out what they already know and what they need to know (Osborne, 2013). Health Literacy is a shared responsibility, which means; health information is communicated in a way that both the healthcare provider and the receiver can understand (Osborne , 2013). While communicating with clients with limited English language, it is important to speak slowly and listen carefully and use common words like â€Å"cancer† instead of â€Å"oncology†. Moreover, avoid using medical jargon such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, etc; patients may not understand medical terms, abbreviations and acronyms that health professionals usually use. In addition to that, make the written language on documents simple, easy to read and understandable. For instance, using headings and sub headings can easily identify key concepts and clients can easily go through the information they needed (Osborne, 2013). Moreover, it is important to breakdown the complex information into small chunks, organize information and convey the most important concepts that the client has to know regarding their health (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, n.d.). In addition to that, identify different learning styles of individuals, for example, some people may prefer a visual learning, some other may prefer auditory or tactile learning styles (McEwen Pullis, 2009). Inclusion of decision aids and other teaching tools such as videos, quizzes, maps, booklets, images etc. would also be more effective (Osborne, 2013). Furthermore, communicating with non-English speakers can be addressed by appointing an appropriate medically trained interpreter. It is very important for the health provider to address and acknowledge any cultural differences and provide health information appropriately. For example, they can make the clients feel welcomed by greeting them in their respective language, displaying multicultural artifacts and translated signs in the health settings (Osborne, 2013). Instead of making assumptions that the client understood the provided health information, it is important to pay attention to client’s non-verbal cues along with verbal statements (NZNO College of Nurses Aotearoa, 2012). While teaching elderly people, it is very important to assess their physical readiness to learn new information. For example, some elderly people may have hearing, seeing and alertness problems that make their learning difficult (Lowenstein, Foord-May, Romano, 2009). To overcome this, always speak in ways that elderly people can hear and always make sure that the written information is readable. Moreover, encourage elderly people to bring a support person or a trusted friend to reinforce and clarify the informed health information (Osborne, 2013). Furthermore, use a teach-back technique to assess and confirm whether the health information provided is clear to the client. This technique will help to know to what extent the client can recall the comprehensive message and whether the client interpreted it correctly (Osborne , 2013). For example, instead of asking the client â€Å" Do you understand?† it will be better stating that â€Å" I just want to make sure I explained things well, tell me how you take these medications?† . Reflection On reflection, I have realized that a thorough assessment of client’s learning needs based on their age groups and developmental stages given me an insight on how their physical, cognitive, psychosocial learning abilities change in each developmental stage; and what teaching methods and strategies would be more effective and appropriate for that particular target group. For example, preschool children cannot think abstractly and they learn by watching and interacting with others. Whereas, adolescents can think abstractly and they can effectively learn through web and computer based resources, books, pamphlets, games, movies and through interacting with peers (McEwen Pullis, 2009). Evaluation at the end of the teaching session in my practicum helped me to analyze the effectiveness of the teaching session. This given me an insight of what teaching strategies were more effective and what other strategies I need to implement to improve my future teaching session. I realized that some teaching tools such as videos, quizzes and games reinforced the target group to interact and co-operate well with our teaching session. In addition to that, I also realized that I have to use simple language and avoiding medical terms while stating objectives to the adolescents. Furthermore, I realized that it is very important to document the evaluation on teaching session. This will be a base for our team when we plan another teaching session in future for that particular age group. In my future practice, I will definitely prepare a lesson plan based on thorough assessment of clients learnings needs. I will also use effective communication strategies that can reinforce the target group during lesson delivery. At the end of the teaching session I will also document the evaluation for future references. Conclusion In conclusion, Health Literacy skills are very important for the health and wellbeing of individuals. Health literacy skills empower individuals to take informed health decisions. Thorough assessment of clients knowledge levels and learning needs are essential to develop a good lesson plan for a particular target group. Following effective communication strategies and teaching methods during lesson delivery will reinforce clients to participate effectively and make informed health choices for better health outcomes.

UK Government Guidelines on Food and Nutrition

UK Government Guidelines on Food and Nutrition â€Å"Nutrition is the term used for the science or study of food and how the body uses the constituent s of food† (Carolyn C., Food Nutrition and How the Body Works, P.23) Children require the right amount of vitamins and minerals to promote healthy development, therefore the UK government has set guidelines for babies and children’ food consumption to promote healthy development. The Food Standards Agency is responsible for food safety and food hygiene across the UK. The Food Standards Agency works closely with local authority enforcement officers to make sure food law is applied throughout the food chain. The Food standards Agency enforces good food hygiene through the hygiene rating and a child care provider must be able to perform to a good rating. The rating is from a scale of 0 – 5. The main government guidelines on food and nutrition can be identified in the table below; BIRTH TO 6 MONTHS 6-9 MONTHS 9 MONTHS + Breast milk or infant formula is the only food that a child needs from birth to 6-months. In the child care setting breast milk must be properly stored to prevent food poising .Adequate sterilization and hygiene must be maintained for both breast milk and infant formula. Various ranges of prepared food and cereals are available for baby consumption and these could also be prepared and pureed at home, frozen into ice cube trays and used when needed. Along with healthy fruits and cereal snacks, breast milk and infant formula can still be given. For hungry babies weaning process begin ealier, though government guidelines states that solid food should be introduced after 6months.Child care provider has to avoid some food types such as –Eggs, Liver, fish, shellfish, nuts, seeds, wheat and gluten-based food, unpasteurised and soft cheese. Babies diet should include milk and dairy, fruit and vegetables, meat, fish, eggs and beans, rice, potatoes and starchy foods and these should be observed by the child care provider in a child care setting for healthy living The recommended guideline for serving of solid food portion from 9 months is ; 2 servings per day of meat, fish, eggs and pulses 3 to 4 servings per day of fruit and vegetables 3 to 4 servings per day of potatoes, bread and rice. Vitamins drops may still be given to supplement the vitamins A , C , and D got from food as advised by the Department of Health to prevent children lacking these vitamins. Vitamin A –helps children to see in dim light, supports and strengthen the immune system and ensure healthy skin. Vitamin C – helps the absorption of iron and supports immune system. Vitamin D – helps strengthen bones and assist the absorption of calcium. All these must be maintained by the child care provider to achieve healthy lifestyle for the children. TYPES OF FOOD THAT ARE UNSUITABLE FOR BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN Any food and drink provided by the childcare setting should be properly prepared, nutritious and comply with any special dietary requirements. (Teena K, Children’s Care Learning and Development, P.128) Government guidance on food considered to be unsuitable for babies and young children is key for both parents and child care providers. The food type that is unsuitable for babies and young children are sugar, honey, Nuts, Eggs, Raw shellfish, Foods low in Fat, Swordfish, Shark and Marlin. Sugar causes acid erosion which is the main cause of tooth decay in children. Young children should avoid sugar especially sugary drinks and snack which are majorly in pre-packed convenience foods. Child care provider must ensure that children are encouraged to take only water and milk and avoid fizzy drinks and sugary snacks to prevent tooth decay which affects the milk teeth. Good. Honey – It is naturally believed that this liquid gold is better for consumption that white refined sugars but for infant below 1 year of age, ingesting honey is unsuitable for their health and wellbeing. Honey may be contaminated by bacteria called Clostridium botulinum though not harmful to adult but grows in the gastrointestinal track of babies below 1 year and cause a medical condition called Infant Botulism. One of the symptoms is constipation, child failing to feed and later lethargy which manifest months after consumption of spores, which grows in the gastro-intestinal track of infant as they grow and releases toxins into the bloodstream. Infant Botulism in babies can be treated with artificial Ventilation in incubator and a drug named botullinum Immunoglobulin (BabyBIG). Salt – It is one of United Kingdom’ most excessively consumed minerals. Salt is dangerous for babies because their kidney cannot process the salt the way an adult’ kidneys can. It is important for parents’ and child care providers to prepare food for babies at home and avoid processed convenience foods, as recommended in the guidelines by Food Standards Agency in the salt consumption table below; The recommended maximum daily salt intake for infant children and adult Age Target average salt intake (g/d) 0-6 months Less than 1 7-12months 1 1-3years 2 4-6years 3 7-10 years 5 11 years+ 6 Nuts – Nuts can cause choking hazard in children under 5years especially whole nuts. From NHS information, percentage of population affected by peanut allergy is 1%.Childcare provider must ensure that children with allergy reaction to nuts or who have siblings with allergy to nuts should not be given nuts with parental consent. Eggs – Eggs should be avoided for babies below 6months, especially if a family member has egg allergy. Babies’ delicate intestinal system reacts to protein in eggs up to the age of 6months and after 6months child care provider must ensure that egg is well cooked to reduce the risk of salmonella infection in eggs which causes diarrhoea and vomiting. Swordfish, Shark and Marlin – These have levels of mercury which can be detrimental to the growth of a baby’ nervous system. If the recommended limit is exceeded, it allows a toxic build-up in children and adverse effect on the central nervous system and cause impairments in movement and cognitive brain function by displacement of essential neurons. Foods low in fat – Children should be given whole milk yoghurt fromage frais, as children get essential nutrients and energy from foods containing fat and this is not present in low fat food. The fat containing food can be slowly reduced after the age of 2years. Raw Shellfish – shellfish should be avoided in children as it is allergenic and contains salmonella bacteria that cause food poisoning. It should be avoided until older age. CHILD RECORD FORM Child record form for a new child in child care setting with specific dietary requirements; CHILD RECORD FORM To be completed and signed by the parent/guardian/carer and given to the childminder. Child’s nameJoy Idara Date of birth23/11/2009 Home address44 Well road, Colchester, Essex Post CodeCO4 0AZ Telephone number 074 Parent/Guardian/Carer’s NameEsse Idara Address (if different from above) ___________________________________________________________ Place of work Milnet, Colchester Work number 01206†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Mobile074†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Parent/Guardian/Carer’s NameMatt Idara Address (if different from above) ___________________________________________________________ Place of workBaka Mill, Colchester Work number 01206†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Mobile074†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Who to contact in an emergency (other than Parent/guardian/carer) Mary Band Telephone number 074†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Name of person who will collect childEsse Idara Other persons who may collect childMatt Idara Further information (if necessary) _________________________________________________________ Child’s doctorRaymond Rock AddressMain Surgery, Ipswich road, colchester Telephone number01206†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Immunisation/Vaccinations: Has the child been fully immunised against: YES/NO Diphtheria Whooping cough yes Tetanus yes Polio yes Measles yes Mumps yes Rubella yes Hib Meningitis yes Other________________________________________________________________ Special Diet/ Allergies/ Health problems/ Childhood illnessesJoy is allergic to cow milk and so must not take cow milk or come in contact with a cow as this can cause allergic reaction by swelling of throat and mouth, or burn on skin. If there is an emergency due to ingestion, administer adrenaline through an Epi-pen as prescribed by her Doctor this is kept in her locked container. This should be administered by a properly trained person. Good. Anything else the childminder should know about your child e.g. likes dislikes, fears, comfort items, Special words ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ PARENT/GUARDIAN/CARER Signature _____________________________ Date ________________ Note that this form should be documented accurately in case of emergency and for first aid administration and treatment CHILDHOOD CHRONIC DISEASES Chronic Disease is a long-lasting condition that can be controlled but not cured. Most chronic diseases do not resolve spontaneously, and are generally not cured completely. Some can be immediately life-threatening; others can persist over time and can be intensive in terms of management (e.g. diabetes). Most chronic diseases persist in an individual through life, but are not always the cause of death. Children suffer from various chronic diseases which can have effect on their physical and mental development. Some childhood chronic diseases which can affect development are; Diabetes, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis and Cerebral Palsy. Diabetes – â€Å"Diabetes is a lifelong condition thatcauses a persons blood sugar level to become too high† (NHS Choices, Health A-Z, Diabetes). It is caused by having too much glucose in the blood and has two types. Type 1 is diagnosed in adolescence and controlled by insulin injection, Type 2 diagnosed in adulthood and controlled through diet and tablets. Development can be adversely affected by diabetes retinopathy, in which damage occurs to the blood vessel in the retina which can impair a child’ vision and damage the eyes, thereby affecting the physical and intellectual development due to loss of sight. Also, diabetes nephropathy causes complication to the feet and if sores and blisters to the fee are not treated infection can occur and result in nerve damage to the feet. Asthma – Asthma is a chronic condition affecting the lungs which can be effectively controlled in most children. Asthma affects the airways, when a child comes in contact with something that irritates their lungs know as trigger such as tobacco smoke, pollen or allergy like pet hair, their airways narrow, the lining becomes inflamed, the muscles around them tighten, and there is an increase in the production of sticky mucus or phlegm. This makes it difficult to breathe and causes symptoms such as wheezing, coughing and shortness of breath. Some of the medication for the treatment of asthma is preventer and reliever inhaler, and steroid medication. Asthma can affect emotional and intellectual development, for instance if a child is always absent from school to get treatment for the disease, this in turn affects the child’ target in school by missing work at school. Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition in which the lungs and digestive system become cloggedwith thick sticky mucus. It is an inherited chronic health condition that affects a child’ internal organ particularly the lungs. This causes pancreatic problems resulting into poor digestion of food and leading to poor development by inadequate growth as a result of malnutrition. Cystic fibrosis can be treated with range of therapies, including medication, diet, and physiotherapy to remove mucus from the lungs. Cerebral Palsy Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the brain, that usually occurs before, during or after a child is born. Cerebral palsy refers to group of neurological conditions such as muscle problems, speech impairment and stiffness on one side of the body. Cerebral palsy affects children in many ways such as children having mobility problems, and some requiring lifelong care. This affects physically, emotional and intellectual development through hearing and visual impairment and delayed growth. Also, it can cause serious distress for those caring for the child. Help and support to parents and those caring for children is available on NHS choices website. Reference List Carolyn Childs, 2001, Food and Nutrition in the Early Years, UK, Hodder Stoughton Marilyn B.Dawn R. and Katty W. , 1999, Early Years Care, UK, Hodder Stoughton NHS Choices, Health A-Z (www.nhs.uk) Teena Kamen, 2007, Children’s Care Learning and Development, UK, Hodder Arnold Tina B Carolyn M, 2006, Understanding the Behaviour of Children, UK, Hodder Education

Hairspray: The Cost of Beauty Is Too High Essay -- Beauty

Throughout the decades, women’s fashion has evolved many times, each time creating a fashion stamp unique to that particular decade. One thing has remained the same and managed to remain a part of every era: hairspray. It is a cosmetic product that is meant to hold hair in its place. A lot of products we use today are may have unseen consequences to daily usage. A product I use almost daily is hairspray. I always knew hairspray was bad for the environment because of the aerosol that was in them would break down the ozone layer, so I began to look at a specific hairspray that I use just about every morning and night, Sebastian Shaper Hairspray, Regular, Styling Mist for Hold & Control. This specific Sebastian Hairspray product is not only bad for the environment; it is also bad for humans and animals. Sebastian Shaper Hairspray Styling Mist for Hold and Control is bad for many reasons. To begin with the people who use the hairspray are slowly harming their body because the hairspray contains many harmful chemicals like alcohol, carcinogens, propellants, propane, and artificial fragrance. These substances can cause irritation of the skin, lungs and eyes, low blood pressure, breathing difficulty, and coma. It is currently unknown whether ingredients in hairspray are safe for humans to use, but many of the ingredients in this hairspray are unstable compounds and have potential to be harmful. For example before the 1970’s hairsprays contained the propellant vinyl chloride (VC), it took more than a decade to ban this ingredient even though it was known to be harmful for humans. According to the National Institute of Health, â€Å"As angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL) is a sentinel cancer from exposure to VC, identification of thes... ... 27 Mar. 2009. Web. 06 June 2012. . "Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Environmental Guidelines for Aluminum Manufacturing." Http://www.miga.org/documents/AluminumManufacturing.pdf. Web. "Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Aluminum." Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Aluminum. United States Department of Labor. Web. 06 June 2012. . "OCTINOXATE." National Library of Medicine. Web. 06 June 2012. . Wong, Curtis M. "Hungary Factory Reservoir Bursts, Floods Towns With Toxic Waste." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 04 Oct. 2010. Web. 06 June 2012. .

Movie: All About Eve :: essays research papers

Movie: All About Eve English 30 Spring "97" In the film All About Eve, (directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz and released in 1950), Eve Harrison (Anne Baxter) was a young woman with evil running through her veins. She wanted to be "somebody" and chose to get there through Margo Channing (Betty Davis) who was a famous stage star. Eve would do whatever it took to get where she wanted to be, including hurt the ones that trusted her and took her in as a "lost lamb". Though Eve was already evil within and throughout, the people around her made it even easier to acomplish her goals. Margo was one of the most popular stage actresses and put herself high on a pedastel, and looked at someone like Eve as being below her, a poor soul that could be of no threat to anyone, especially Margo Channing. Eve played the meek and shy girl that idolized Margo. She claimed to attend all the preformaces of the play that week due to the fact that she adored Margo and she would have nowhere else to go anyway. Doing this allowed Eve to get her foot in the door. If it wasn't for Margo's conceitedness, Eve would have had to work a little bit harder to get this. Margo took her into her home. Margo's secretary-aid, Birdie (Thelma Ritter), was the first to sense something was strange about Eve, but her position made it not her place to speak her mind. Eve knew this and also knew it would be easy to take control of her position because of this. It would only seem to Margo that she enjoyed doing things for her. Eve charmed Bill Simpson (Gary Merrill), director and Margo's lover, with her feminine qualities that Margo lacked. Eve just seemed to be overly interested in everything Bill had to say about the theater. She used to keep him admiring her and at the same time, drove Margo crazy with jealousy to tear their relationship apart. Little did she realize, Bill had no romantic feelings towards Eve at all, so she blew her cover when she made a pass at him. Karen Richards (Celeste Holm), Margo's best friend, was the one that found and introduced Eve to Margo. She was the type of person that would anything for anyone, sort of niave and trusted Eve from day one. Karen was amazed by Eve's devotion towards her idol. After getting into Margo's home, she used Karen's kindness to subtly suggest that she would love to replace Margo's pregnant understudy. Once again she got her way.

Are Women Slaves to Fashion and Beauty? Essay -- Feminism Feminist Wom

Are Women Slaves to Beauty?      Ã‚   What does it take to feel beautiful? Perhaps a little bit of time, make-up, and a breathtaking dress; or at least that's what we have been programmed to believe.   Without a doubt, all of the magazines, advertisements, and make-up beauty tips have influenced women’s beliefs about what it means to be beautiful. An artificial image of beauty has been imposed on each and every woman in our culture.    I would like to begin with the fact that women have always been known to dedicate their time to beauty. Those who are devoted to their appearance most often believe that beauty brings power, popularity, and success. Women believe this, because they grow up reading magazines that picture beautiful women in successful environments; not to mention they are popular models and world famous individuals. Beautiful women are no longer just a priority for most advertising, but we have become a walking target for the working class employers. It is documented that better-looking attorneys earn more than others after five years of practice, which was an effect that grew with experience (Biddle, 172). We cannot overlook the fact that it is always the most popular and most beautiful girl who becomes homecoming-queen or prom-queen. While these are possible positive effects of the "beauty myth," the negative results of female devotion to beauty undercut this value. These effects are that it costs a lot of money, it costs a lot of time, and in the long run, it costs a lot of pain.    First, women spend huge amounts of money to improve their looks. So here we are unable to escape the reality that we can never be flawless or blemish free; moreover, as long as women have the belief that all greatness de... ...take pleasure in making yourselves up "is like telling you to stop enjoying food, sex, or love" (Newsweek vl127, 68). Just don't let it run your life, and stop feeling that beauty should be valued by what is seen on the outside. Now go out, buy your Prom dress, and do it for fun. Not for who or what you should be.    Works Cited Biddle, Jeff E & Hamermesh, David S. (1998). Beauty, Productivity, and Discrimination: Lawyers' Look and Lucre. Journal of Labor Economics, 16(30). 172. Morin, Carole. (1997). Dead Glamorous. UK: National Publishing Company. Malkin, Carole. (1990, February), True Colors-Make-Up That's Tailor-made for You. Working Woman, 104. Schmid, Wendy. (1994, August). Making Up. Vogue, 198. Lieberman, Rhonda. (1995, April). Guys and Dolls. Artform, 21. Springen, Karen. (1996, June). Eyes of the Beholders. Newsweek, 68.   

‘A Cup of Tea’ by Katherine Mansfield Essay

The story is written by Katherine Mansfield a famous New Zealand writer. She is well known for her short stories. The analysis of the one of them called A Cup of Tea (1922) which is considered to be one of her latest works you can find below. From the first lines we get acquainted with the protagonist of the story Rosemary Fell. Her appearance is being presented. No you couldnt have called her beautiful Pretty? We have rather vague image here. The author writes she is amazingly well-read in the newest of the books which sounds controversial. Her husband adores her; her child is a duck of a boy. We can trace that she is extremely arrogant and she has a certain amount of charisma. No lilac. Its got no shape. The attendant put the lilac out of sight as though this was only too true. But even fabulously rich people have their problems. After shutting the discreet door she sinks into a grey cold and dull life of the city, the life of ordinary people to which she is like an alien. A cold bitter taste in the air, sad lamps, regretting fire of lamps, rushing people and their hateful umbrellas everything speaks of her inner dissatisfaction and maybe allergy to the other life, the life which is outside her shelter. She wants to escape from the place and presses a muff against her breast as though touching herself and saying I want to be back to my real life not this awful parody of being. Suddenly a girl stammered as author writes for the price of a cup of tea in a very desperate way. But in fact Rosemary is amazed instead of feeling some kind of sympathy. She peers through the dusk as though feeling some distance and it seems to her such an adventure. Rosemary doesnt spare even a smallest moment of her thought to stand in the girls shoes or rather she just cant since she doesnt know the opposite side of the coin. The only way of living she knows is one that is in the little antique shop on Curzon Street or, say, another one on Bond Street. So Rosemary takes her home feeling a triumph as she nets a little captive. Its evident that Rosemary is just playing with a prey like a cat does.Now, I  got you. Rosemary is longing to be generous and is going to prove that as Mansfield writes wonderful things do happen in life, in the life of the upper class, to which Rosemary is a fine example, and it seems that the only things she cares about are her feelings and amusement. After they arrive at the house the action starts in Rosemarys bedroom. Mansfield is trying to underline Rosemarys status the fire leaping on her wonderful lacquer furniture, gold cushions all these things dazed the poor girl. Rosemary on her part was very relaxed and pleased; she lit a cigarette in stead of taking proper care of Miss Smith. By the way her name is not even mentioned yet, like its of no importance at all. We can find the girl on the brink of the psychological despair. I am going to faint, to go off, madam. So much she is stuck by the contrast. It was a terrible fascinating moment. Rosemary knelt beside her chair The girl becomes completely restless: I cant bear it. I shall do away with myself Rosemary is really touched beyond words but suddenly she asks her to stop crying Its so exhausting. Please stop crying Rosemary shows her true face here. She cant face the reality the poor as it is; Rosemary Fell sees everything in rose-coloured spectacles, through the filter of the upper class society. And it looks if not pathetic then quite sad. But after the marvelous meal our creature transforms into something undeniably attractive frail creature, a kind of sweet languor. And for Rosemary its high time to begin. Instead of asking her name or other decent question Rosemarys firstly was interested in her meal, it is quite impolite. The Philip enters, smiling his charming smile and asks his wife to come in to the library. He requires explanations from his wife, learning that the girl is as Rosemary says a real pick up that Rosemary wanted to be nice to her. Philip guesses what is all about shows his remonstrance against the idea it simply cant be done. And then he uses his heavy artillery calls miss Smith so astonishingly pretty. He knows it will do some harm to his wife. These words immediately heat jealousy in Rosemarys veins up. Pretty? Do you think that? and she could help blushing. Shes absolutely lovely! Rosemary looses her temper You absurd creature! She recollects his words over and over. And  all leads to the phrase Miss Smith wont dine with us tonight We can observe that Philip doesnt seem to look surprised Oh, what happened? Previous engagement? he rather knew it would happen. Rosemary is eager to retain her husbands attention.Do you like me? May I have the enamel box? Philip, am I pretty?The Rosemary seems to be so distant from poverty but on the other hand she doesnt have anything really valuable, like a basement to lead such glorious life in this world no taste, no wish to see the world in the raw, sometimes no manners, and perhaps even no prettiness. Thats why she is trying to have things and do things which would help to retain the status like knowing more about the poor and having beautiful things to be associated with. To put in a nutshell the story is reach in different stylistic devices and I think conveys a distinct and valuable message. Bibliography 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Mansfield2.http://www.studyguide.org/mansfield_cup_of_tea.htm3.Microsoft  ® Encarta  ® 2009.  © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. 4.English by Correspondence Vesnik D.A. Moscow, 1976